Knee Special Testing Flashcards
Why is rotation of the lower limb in VALGUS TEST important?
uncoils the cruciate ligaments and allows the max amt of stress to be placed on the collateral ligaments
How many degrees for the bent VALGUS TEST?
20-30 degrees of FLEXION
Why VALGUS STRESS TEST with a bent knee?
to decomission the ACL/PCL which would support the knee against lateral or medial stress tests
As a ‘note’ the disruption of this ligament would cause _________.
rotational instabilities
How is the VARUS STRESS TEST conducted?
Same as with VALGUS, but push on medial ligament, also retest.
With ROTATIONAL INSTABILITIES which is the greater contributor to instability MCL or LCL?
MCL
VALGUS tests for _______, while VARUS tests for _______
MCL
LCL
Lateral Collateral Ligament is tested with
VARUS STRESS TEST
Medial Collateral Ligament is tested with
VALGUS STRESS TEST
2 Tests for ACL injury
Lachman
Anterior Drawer Test
At what degrees should the knee be positioned in order to test for LACHMAN
BETWEEN full extension and 30 degree flexion
QUICK description of LACHMAN
stabilize FEMOR with one hand and pull proximal TIBIA FORWARD with the other hand
What is considered positive with the LACHMAN test?
looser - than the healthy knee, so the tibia can be moved more anteriorly
OR
pain
False positive LACHMAN when?
PCL torn. Posterior sag. Man faengt schon weiter hinten an.
LACHMAN Modification 1
Patient sits on side of table same handling with hands
LACHMAN Modification 2
Examiner puts thigh underneath Patient’s thigh
same handling with hands to test
WHICH IS THE BEST LACHMAN Modification with and Examiner with small Hands?
Modification 2 with Examiner’s thigh underneath
What are the Angles of the Anterior/Posterior Test?
Hip at 45 degrees, Knee at 90 degrees
Where are Hands/Thumbs placed with the Anterior/Posterior Drawing Test?
both hands around tibia with thumbs over the joint line
How much ‘GIVE’ of the knee w/Anterior Posterior Drawing Test is normal?
6 mm
Positive Anterior/Posterior Drawing Test is when?
> 6mm compared to nl knee
Pain
Swelling testing with
measuring knee girth, bulge test
Affected structures in the knee d/t bruising
affected ligaments, peripheral meniscus tears, fracture
Blood swelling aka ecchymosis is seen where?
around KNEE, but also tracks down the leg to KD3, BL60
BULGE TEST how is it performed?
stroke medially from underneath the popliteal crease up [in the direction of the HIP] just above the patella with one hand
with the other hand do the reverse on the lateral side
When is the BULGE TEST positive?
A bulging over the medial eye of the knee will be produced.
How is the PATELLA moved for PATELLA PALPATION?
POSTEROmedial
OR
POSTEROlateral
How is the PATELLA palpated for PATELLA PALPATION?
underneath the corner which is freed
The PATELLA should move how much?
up or over (med/lat) half its width
Most Meniscal Tears are in the
avascular region
