Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MPT1 > Knee Pathology > Flashcards

Knee Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Why is it important to consider adjacent joints when looking at the knee?

A

Because knee is an intermediate joint, hip and feet issues could affect it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What could anterior knee pain mean?

A

Patella tibial joint issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What could medial knee pain mean?

A

pes an serine issue
OA
meniscus issue
valgus stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What could lateral knee pain mean?

A

meniscus
LCL
maybe OA but less likely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What could posterior knee pain mean?

A

hamstring issue
fluid leak from meniscus
sciatica
radicular issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do we base knee rehab on?

A

impairements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some idiopathic/congenital deformities often seen in pediatrics to the knee?

A
  • trochlear dysplasia
  • patellar dysplasia
  • patella alta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

trochlear dysplasia

A

when the trochlear notch is not formed correctly and disrupts the bony stability of the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

patella dysplasia

A

the patella is not formed correctly and disrupts the bony stability of the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

insall-salvati measurement

A

The patella height should be equal to the patellar tendon 1:1 ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

patellar baja

A

the patella tendon is too short

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

patellar alta

A

the patellar tendon is too long. changes biomechanics of the joint, you need more knee flexion to get bony stability of the pt joint so this leads to patellar instability and pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

patellar alta is associated with an elevated prevalence of ____ structural feature

A

OA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

complaints of “giving out”, anterior knee pain, patellar instability/hypermobility, and radiographic evidence are all symptomatic of what?

A

congenital deformities like trochlear dysplasia, patellar dysplasia, and patellar alta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

common adolescent knee pathologies include:

A

Osteochondritis dissecans
traumatic epiphyseal injuries
osgood-schlatters disease
SLJ syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

OCD lesions are…

A

bone underneath articular cartilage dies from lack of blood flow. The piece of bone and cartilage can break off and cause pain and/or affect motion. most common at the knee but can occur at any joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

OCD is usually seen in…

A

highly active adolescents, 10-15 year olds, males are 2-3x more likely than females, can be in adults.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is important to consider about history when thinking about OCD lesions?

A

prior surgery or lig injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

____________ is reported in 32-58% of OCD lesions

A

acute knee injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are some exam findings and symptoms of OCD lesions?

A
  • effusion
  • catching or locking sensation
  • pain worse with activity, better with rest
  • pain usually nonspecific and poorly localized
  • joint line tenderness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

traumatic epiphyseal injuries are often the counter part to a ____________ in an adult due to weakness of the epiphysis

A

lig injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

traumatic epiphyseal injuries are related to ….

A

repetitive stress ie cutting or change of direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

upon examination, traumatic epiphysitis will show…

A

instability but you need imaging to confirm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which classification of epiphyseal injuries require surgery? Why?

A

five, and probably four because the injury will lead to abnormal development if not addressed surgically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

osgood-schlatter’s disease is…

A

apophysitis (when tendon meets bone) of tibial tubercle
(abnormal tension for a long time)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What do you find with osgood-schlatters upon exam?

A
  • painful with palpation
  • pain with running and jumping
  • imaging will sometimes show sometimes not
26
Q

Sinding Larsen Johansson Syndrome (SLJ)

A

apophysitis of the infra-patellar pole

27
Q

prevalence and risk factors for osgood-schlatters

A
  • rectus femoris and hamstring tightness
  • quad weakness
  • rectus femoris shortening
  • no difference between sexes
28
Q

SLJ presents similar to __________. How do you differentiate it?

A

jumpers knee.
differentiate by palpation

29
Q

common adolescent to adult pathologies

A
  • jumpers knee
  • patello-femoral joint instability
  • overuse injuries
  • trauma
30
Q

jumpers knee is also known as…

A

patellar tendonitis
patellar tendinosis
tendinopathy

31
Q

patella tendonitis

A

acute/inflammation

32
Q

patellar tendinosis

A

chronic/degenerative

33
Q

patellar tendinopathy

A

painful and we don’t know why

34
Q

overall, jumpers knee is ___________ of the patellar tendon due to repetitive stress

A

inflammation

35
Q

upon evaluating jumpers knee, you will find….

A

pain with palpation, pain with jumping and running, and you usually don’t knee diagnostic imagining but if so use an MRI

36
Q

__________ is more painful and a lot harder for people suffering from jumpers knee

A

eccentric control

37
Q

other joint considerations when dealing with jumpers knee?

A
  • excessive hip IR ROM
  • loss of HIP ER strength
  • foot varus
38
Q

examination and symptoms for patellar instability

A
  • history of chronic pain or other ortho issue
  • instability must be self reported
  • anterior knee pain
  • effusion: joint swelling
  • imagining: may or may not have mal-alignment or dysplasia
39
Q

radiograph views used to assess knee pathology

A
  • patello-femoral joint plain film
  • sunrise view
  • merchants view
40
Q

patello femoral joint plain film radiographs are used to…

A
  • assess articulation
  • observe irregularity of joint surface
  • display instability
41
Q

sunrise view radiograph is to..

A
  • visualize trochlea better
  • patient is prone with knee flexed to >90 degrees
  • x-ray beam is from post/inf to ant/sup
42
Q

merchant’s view radio graph is…

A
  • to view patellar instability in shallow ROM
  • patient supine with knee flexed to >45 degrees
  • xray beam from sup to inf with film cassette distal to knee
43
Q

overuse injuries are often classified as…

A

extensor mechanism disorders

44
Q

What are three extensor mechanism disorders?

A
  • quadriceps tendinopathy
  • patellar tendinopathy
  • patella femoral pain
45
Q

what do you find upon exam and symptoms for extensor mechanism disorders

A
  • pain during and after ballistic use, most often running or jumping (high level activities)
  • often history of repetitive motion
  • tender to palpation
46
Q

PF pain prevalence?

A
  • one of the most common causes of knee pain
  • 12-19 year olds most common
  • slightly more prevalent in females (b/c Q angle)
  • high rates of recurrence (b/c unsolved underlying weakness)
47
Q

What do you find upon examination for PF pain

A
  • hip and thigh weakness (esp quad)
  • decreased flexibility of quad, hams, and gastroc
  • pain with squating
  • but signs are inconsistent b/t people
48
Q

other signs and symptoms of PF pain

A
  • pain with stairs, usually going down
  • movie pain (with prolonged sitting)
  • catching or popping (during activity)
  • anterior knee pain
  • effusion
49
Q

What are three areas of trauma we’re studying for the knee?

A
  • meniscus
  • ligaments
  • fractures
50
Q

evaluation and symptoms for meniscus trauma

A
  • twisting injury
  • tearing sensation at time of injury
  • delayed effusion
  • history of catching or locking
  • pain with forced hyperextension
  • pain with maximum flexion
  • pain or audible click with mcmurrays maneuver
  • joint line tenderness
  • discomfort or locking with thessaly test
51
Q

evaluation and symptoms with other knee lig injuries

A
  • MOI important
  • passive knee laxity
  • joint pain
  • effusion
  • movement coordination impairments
52
Q

adult to geriatric knee pathologies

A

overuse related to osteoarthritis

53
Q

evaluation and symptoms for OA

A
  • joint line pain
  • effusion
  • catching
  • pseudolaxity
  • malalignment (valgus or varus)
  • stiff in morning
  • weakness in quad/ham
  • loss of ROM
  • more common in medial knee
54
Q

What is the treatment for OA?

A

total knee arthroplasty

55
Q

ottawa knee rules

A

patient must have xrays if any of the following are present
- >55 years old
- tenderness over fibular head
- isolated tenderness over patella
- inability to flex knee > 90 degrees
- inability to walk more than 4 steps both immediately after injury and in ED

56
Q

ottawa knee rules are _______ sensitive for knee fractures, and reduced need for radiographs by ______%. Most utilized by _____ physicians

A

100%
49%
ED

57
Q

pittsburg decision rule

A

x-rays are required if:
- fall or blunt trauma MOI
- age <12 or >50
- inability to ambulate

58
Q

anterior knee pain differential diagnoses

A
  • patellar subluxation or dislocation
  • patellar apophysitis (SLJ)
  • tibial apophysitis (osgood)
  • patellar tendinitis (jumpers knee)
  • patellofemoral pain syndome (most likely)
59
Q

medial knee pain differential diagnoses

A
  • medial (tibial) collateral lig sprain
  • medial meniscus tear
  • pes anserine bursitis
  • medial plica syndrome (rare)
  • medial articular cartilage lesion
  • OCD
60
Q

lateral knee pain differential diagnoses

A
  • LCL sprain
  • lateral meniscus tear
  • iliotibial band syndrome
  • lateral articular cartilage syndrome
61
Q

posterior knee pain

A
  • popliteal cyst (baker’s)
  • PCL injury
  • posterolateral corner injury
  • distal hamstrings injury
  • proximal gastrocnemius injury
62
Q

nonspecific knee thigh/leg symptoms

A
  • arthrofibrosis
  • deep vein thrombosis
  • dislocation
  • fracture
  • neurovascular compromise
  • OA
  • septic arthritis
  • referred pain from hip pathology
  • peripheral nerve entrapment
  • lumbar radiculopathy

MPT1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions