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MPT1 > Hip Pathology > Flashcards

Hip Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

hip pain is usually…

A

anterior/medial

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2
Q

groin pain usually means…

A

joint pathology

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3
Q

c-sign means

A

joint pathology

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4
Q

hip joints are _______ unless there is considerable pathology

A

usually not painful

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5
Q

_________ is typically not joint pain

A

lateral hip pain

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6
Q

if they point to the trochanter?

A

tendinopathy vs bursitis

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7
Q

What should you consider when evaluating hip dysfunction?

A
  • consider adjacent joints
  • gait and function
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8
Q

congenital hip dislocation/hip dysplasia

A
  • pediatric
  • due to malformation of the acetabulum
  • instability
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9
Q

congenital hip dislocation

A
  • pediatric
  • birth to 6 year old
  • may not be observed early (because of increase of activity)
  • commonly associated with neurological disordered
  • may have implications throughout the lifespan if not correctly early (chronic instability, affect down entire LE, OA)
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10
Q

Legg-Calve Perthes Disease

A
  • pediatric
  • lack of femoral head ossification, avascular necrosis (obturator artery)
  • flattening of the femoral head
  • typically identified between 4-10 years old
  • insidious onset of pain
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11
Q

both congenital hip dislocation/dysplasia and legg-calve perthes disease show these upon examination….

A
  • loss of joint motion (often IR)
  • possible leg length discrepancy
  • antalgic gait pattern (possible delayed pediatric milestones)
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12
Q

slipped capitol femoral epiphysis

A
  • mid to late adolescence (often associated with final growth spurt)
  • idiopathic
  • ice cream falling off the cone (radiograph)
  • possibly linked to endocrine disorders
  • more common in obese patients (boys>girls)
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13
Q

What exam findings do you see associated with slipped capitol femoral epiphysis?

A
  • antalgic gait pattern
  • idiopathic pain
  • pain with joint motion
  • medial knee pain
  • crepitus
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14
Q

how do you differentiate between LCP and SCFE?

A
  • age
  • comorbidities
  • activity
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15
Q

What should you consider when evaluating stress fractures?

A

(adolescent/adult)
- consider training/loading
- overall health
- pain worse with progressive loading
- often not palpable

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16
Q

What are three different kinds of femoral head stress fractures?

A
  • compression (inferior)
  • tension (superior aspect)
  • displaced
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17
Q

What should you consider for idiopathic stress fractures?

A
  • females are more likely than males. why?
  • female athlete triad
18
Q

What are factors of the female athlete triad?

A
  • eating disorders: nutritional effect
  • osteopenia: loss of calcium weakens the bones
  • amenorrhea - overworked or high level athlete (dysmenorrhea = abnormal mentration)
19
Q

What are some traumatic injuries adults and adolescents have?

A
  • contusions (muscle)
  • sprains/strains
  • myositis ossificans
  • femoral acetabular impingement
20
Q

myositis ossificans

A
  • increased activity with healing
  • over stimulation of periosteum
  • caused by deep or repeated trauma
21
Q

contusions

A
  • very painful
  • cause bleeding
  • never get a chance to heal
  • tension during movement keeps reopening bruise back up (glutes, quads, ham)
22
Q

strains

A
  • 2 joint muscles more likely than 1 joint
  • stretched over both joints
  • require more neuromuscular control
  • sartorius, semitendinosus, biceps femoris
23
Q

which anterior hip ligaments could a sprain effect?

A

iliofemoral lig
pubofemoral lig

24
Q

which posterior hip ligaments could a sprain effect?

A

ischiofemoral

25
Q

What is important to consider when it comes to sprains?

A

MOI

26
Q

iliofemoral sprain

A
  • anterior/superior
  • strong dense (most important)
  • prevents trunk and hip extension, hip ER/IR
27
Q

pubofemoral sprain

A
  • anterior/inferior
  • prevents extension, abduction, ER
28
Q

ischiofemoral

A

limits hip IR

29
Q

concerns when examining contusions/strains

A

will have…
- pain with resisted motion
- pain with stretching
- often pain on palpation
- visible bruising?

30
Q

concerns when examining sprains specifically

A

pain with passive and active range of motion
pain at the end range of motion

31
Q

myositis ossificans exam

A
  • acute management of muscle damage
  • non-healing or abnormal pain considering time from injury
32
Q

femoral acetabula impingement

A
  • normal
  • CAM (on femoral head)
  • Pincer (on superior acetabulum)
  • mixed (both CAM and Pincer)
33
Q

What to look for when evaluating for femoral acetabular impingement

A
  • anterior hip pain
  • pain with hip flexed activities
  • pain with combined flexion/IR and ROM loss
34
Q

Lateral hip pain

A

(greater trochanteric pain syndrome)
- there’s a difference in trauma vs repetitive motion
- IT band “shortening”
- leg length discrepancy
- weakness in abductors, extensors,and ER
- women>men, age
- repetitive motion

35
Q

location of trauma fractures

A

(adolescent/adult)
- femur fractures (shaft injuries)
- hip fractures (joint injuries, if inside the capsule then it is a joint injury)

36
Q

What to look for when evaluating for a fracture?

A
  • MVA
  • Fall (elderly)
  • pain with any movement
  • inability to bear weight
37
Q

Adult and Geriatric idiopathic conditions

A
  • osteoarthritis
  • hip fractures
38
Q

osteoarthritis examination considerations

A
  • limited passive and active ROM
  • pain with weight bearing
  • weak musculature
39
Q

adult/geriatric hip fracture considerations

A
  • OA
  • recognize symptoms
  • the break could cause the fall
  • consider potential for blood loss if acute
40
Q

medical management of hip fractures

A
  • blood loss/shock
  • surgery (hip pinning, partial joint replacement, total hip replacement)

MPT1 (10 decks)

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