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Winter Anatomy Quiz 1 > Knee, Leg, Ankle and Foot > Flashcards

Knee, Leg, Ankle and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 most important structures within the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal artery and vein
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve

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2
Q

What kind of joint is the knee?

A

Synovial

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3
Q

What are the 3 structures of the knee joint?

A

Femur
Tibia
Patella

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4
Q

The patella articulates with which bones?

A

Femur ONLY

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5
Q

What are the 4 ligaments of the knee?

A

Medial collateral
Lateral collateral
Anterior cruciate
Posterior cruciate

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6
Q

Which of the collateral ligaments directly attaches to the meniscus?

A

MCL attaches to medial meniscus

LCL does NOT attach to lateral meniscus

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7
Q

The MCL connects which 2 structures?

A

Medial epicondyle of femur

Medial condyle of tibia

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8
Q

What separates the LCL from the lateral meniscus?

A

Popliteus tendon

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9
Q

What two structures does the LCL connect?

A

Lateral epicondyle of femur

Head of fibula

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10
Q

The MCL and LCL are tighter when the knee is flexed or extended?

A

Extended

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11
Q

The MCL and LCL primarily do what?

A

Stabilize knee in coronal plane

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12
Q

The ACL connects which 2 structures?

A

Notch of femur

Tibial plateau

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13
Q

What is the function of the ACL?

A

Prevent anterior displacement of tibia

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14
Q

What two structures does the PCL connect?

A

Medial condyle of femur

Posterior inercondylar tibia

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15
Q

What is the main function of the PCL?

A

Prevent posterior displacement of tibia

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16
Q

True or False. The ACL and PCL are part of the synovial cavity and joint capsule.

A

False. They are part of the joint capsule but NOT part of the synovial cavity.

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17
Q

When the knee is ____________, the femur rotates ___________ to lock the knee.

A

Extended, medially

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18
Q

Which of the 2 lower leg bones is more lateral? Medial?

A

Fibula- lateral

Tibia- medial

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19
Q

What separates the tibia and fibula?

A

Interosseus membrane

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20
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the leg?

A

Anterior
Lateral
Posterior

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21
Q

What 2 structures separate the compartments of the leg?

A

Intermuscular septa

Interosseus septa

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22
Q

Which compartment of the leg is further subdivided? Into what?

A

Posterior compartment subdivided into superficial and deep

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23
Q

What structure separates the two posterior compartments of the leg?

A

Transverse intermuscular septum

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24
Q

What are the 3 anterior muscles of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallicus longus

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25
What are the 3 main actions of the anterior leg muscles?
Doriflexion foot Inversion foot Flexion toes
26
What nerve innervates the anterior leg muscles?
Deep fibular nerve
27
Which nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the web between big and second toes?
Deep fibular nerve
28
What are the 2 lateral compartment leg muscles?
Fibularis longus | Fibularis brevis
29
What is the main action of the lateral compartment leg muscles?
Eversion foot
30
What are the lateral compartment leg muscles innervated by?
Superficial fibular nerve
31
What nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the lateral side and dorsum of foot?
Superficial fibular nerve
32
Trace the path of the fibularis longus tendon. What's its relationship to the fibularis brevis? What 2 structures does it insert on?
Starts lateral and inferior to the fibularis brevis tendon Goes across the plantar side of the foot Inserts on medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
33
What are the 3 superficial muscles of the posterior compartment?
Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris
34
What do the superficial posterior muscles primarily do?
Plantarflex foot
35
All of the superficial posterior muscles flex the knee except?
Soleus
36
What innervates the superficial posterior muscles?
Tibial nerve
37
What are the 4 deep posterior muscles?
Popliteus Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallicus longus Tibialis posterior
38
3 of the 4 deep posterior muscles have the same actions. What are they? What muscle doesn't?
All plantarflex the foot, invert the foot and flex the toes except for the popliteus
39
What is the primary action of the popliteus?
Lateral rotation of femur
40
What innervates the deep posterior muscles?
Tibial nerve
41
The sciatic nerve branches into which 2 nerves? Where?
Common fibular Tibial Superior to popliteal region
42
The common fibular nerve branches into which 2 nerves?
Deep and superficial fibular nerves
43
Which nerve travels laterally around the head of the fibula?
Common fibular nerve
44
Which sensory nerve travels posteriorly down the leg, around the lateral malleolus and on the lateral foot?
Sural nerve
45
What does the superficial fibular nerve innervate?
Lateral compartment muscles
46
What does the deep fibular nerve innervate?
Anterior muscles | Web between big and 2nd toe
47
Which artery would you find in the popliteal fossa? Where did it come from? When does it switch?
Popliteal artery Femoral artery When femoral goes through adductor hiatus on the adductor magnus muscle it becomes the popliteal
48
What 2 branches does the popliteal artery branch into?
Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
49
What does the anterior tibial artery supply?
Lateral muscles
50
What does the anterior tibial artery become?
Dorsalis pedis artery
51
The posterior tibial artery branches into which artery?
Fibular
52
The posterior tibial artery runs ________ to the _______ __________ onto the sole of the foot.
Posterior, medial malleolus
53
The fibular artery runs along the ______ border of the fibula and supplies?
Medial, lateral muscles
54
The great saphenous vein runs _____ to the ______ _______, medially up the thigh and drains into which vein?
Anterior, medial malleolus, femoral vein
55
What structure might you see next to the great saphenous vein?
Saphenous nerve
56
What connects the deep and superficial veins?
Perforating veins
57
Where does the great saphenous vein begin? Small saphenous vein?
``` Great= dorsal venous arch of foot Small= lateral venous arch of foot ```
58
The small saphenous vein runs _____ to the _______ ________ and drains into which vein?
Posterior, lateral malleolus, popliteal vein
59
What structure might you see running with the small saphenous vein?
Sural nerve
60
Which are the first lymph nodes seen in the leg?
Popliteal lymph nodes
61
Which muscle is key in pumping venous blood back up to the heart?
Soleus
62
Describe the body's line of gravity at the hip, knee and ankle.
Posterior to hip Anterior to knee Anterior to ankle
63
When standing, how does one keep from falling forward?
Contraction of the soleus causes plantarflexion
64
What are the 6 structures that pass ______ to the _____ _______ and enter the plantar foot? From anterior to posterior?
Posterior, medial malleolus ``` Tibialis posterior tendon Flexor digitorum longus tendon Posterior tibial artery Posterior tibial vein Tibial nerve Flexor hallucis longus tendon ```
65
What are the 7 tarsal bones?
``` Calcaneus Talus Navicular Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Cuboid ```
66
How many metatarsals and phalanges are in the foot?
5 metatarsals | 14 phalanges
67
What are the 3 bones of the ankle joint?
Tibia Fibula Talus
68
What is the name of the ankle joint?
Talocrural joint
69
Which ankle ligament is most commonly sprained?
Anterior talofibular
70
Which movement is more stable for the ankle- dorsiflexion or plantarflexion? Why?
Dorsiflexion- the trochlea of the talus is wider anteriorly than posteriorly
71
What ankle joint promotes inversion and eversion?
Subtalar joint
72
What ankle joint promotes dorsiflexion and plantarflexion?
Talocrural joint
73
What are the 2 arches of the foot?
Longitudinal | Transverse
74
What are the 3 borders (medial, lateral, posterior) of the popliteal fossa?
Medial- semitendinosus, semimembranosus Lateral- biceps femoris Posterior- 2 heads of gastrocnemius

Winter Anatomy Quiz 1 (4 decks)

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