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Winter Anatomy Quiz 1 > Knee, Leg, Ankle and Foot > Flashcards

Knee, Leg, Ankle and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 most important structures within the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal artery and vein
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve

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2
Q

What kind of joint is the knee?

A

Synovial

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3
Q

What are the 3 structures of the knee joint?

A

Femur
Tibia
Patella

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4
Q

The patella articulates with which bones?

A

Femur ONLY

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5
Q

What are the 4 ligaments of the knee?

A

Medial collateral
Lateral collateral
Anterior cruciate
Posterior cruciate

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6
Q

Which of the collateral ligaments directly attaches to the meniscus?

A

MCL attaches to medial meniscus

LCL does NOT attach to lateral meniscus

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7
Q

The MCL connects which 2 structures?

A

Medial epicondyle of femur

Medial condyle of tibia

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8
Q

What separates the LCL from the lateral meniscus?

A

Popliteus tendon

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9
Q

What two structures does the LCL connect?

A

Lateral epicondyle of femur

Head of fibula

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10
Q

The MCL and LCL are tighter when the knee is flexed or extended?

A

Extended

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11
Q

The MCL and LCL primarily do what?

A

Stabilize knee in coronal plane

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12
Q

The ACL connects which 2 structures?

A

Notch of femur

Tibial plateau

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13
Q

What is the function of the ACL?

A

Prevent anterior displacement of tibia

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14
Q

What two structures does the PCL connect?

A

Medial condyle of femur

Posterior inercondylar tibia

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15
Q

What is the main function of the PCL?

A

Prevent posterior displacement of tibia

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16
Q

True or False. The ACL and PCL are part of the synovial cavity and joint capsule.

A

False. They are part of the joint capsule but NOT part of the synovial cavity.

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17
Q

When the knee is ____________, the femur rotates ___________ to lock the knee.

A

Extended, medially

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18
Q

Which of the 2 lower leg bones is more lateral? Medial?

A

Fibula- lateral

Tibia- medial

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19
Q

What separates the tibia and fibula?

A

Interosseus membrane

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20
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the leg?

A

Anterior
Lateral
Posterior

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21
Q

What 2 structures separate the compartments of the leg?

A

Intermuscular septa

Interosseus septa

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22
Q

Which compartment of the leg is further subdivided? Into what?

A

Posterior compartment subdivided into superficial and deep

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23
Q

What structure separates the two posterior compartments of the leg?

A

Transverse intermuscular septum

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24
Q

What are the 3 anterior muscles of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallicus longus

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25
Q

What are the 3 main actions of the anterior leg muscles?

A

Doriflexion foot
Inversion foot
Flexion toes

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26
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior leg muscles?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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27
Q

Which nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the web between big and second toes?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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28
Q

What are the 2 lateral compartment leg muscles?

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

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29
Q

What is the main action of the lateral compartment leg muscles?

A

Eversion foot

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30
Q

What are the lateral compartment leg muscles innervated by?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

31
Q

What nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the lateral side and dorsum of foot?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

32
Q

Trace the path of the fibularis longus tendon. What’s its relationship to the fibularis brevis? What 2 structures does it insert on?

A

Starts lateral and inferior to the fibularis brevis tendon
Goes across the plantar side of the foot
Inserts on medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

33
Q

What are the 3 superficial muscles of the posterior compartment?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

34
Q

What do the superficial posterior muscles primarily do?

A

Plantarflex foot

35
Q

All of the superficial posterior muscles flex the knee except?

A

Soleus

36
Q

What innervates the superficial posterior muscles?

A

Tibial nerve

37
Q

What are the 4 deep posterior muscles?

A

Popliteus
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallicus longus
Tibialis posterior

38
Q

3 of the 4 deep posterior muscles have the same actions. What are they? What muscle doesn’t?

A

All plantarflex the foot, invert the foot and flex the toes except for the popliteus

39
Q

What is the primary action of the popliteus?

A

Lateral rotation of femur

40
Q

What innervates the deep posterior muscles?

A

Tibial nerve

41
Q

The sciatic nerve branches into which 2 nerves? Where?

A

Common fibular
Tibial

Superior to popliteal region

42
Q

The common fibular nerve branches into which 2 nerves?

A

Deep and superficial fibular nerves

43
Q

Which nerve travels laterally around the head of the fibula?

A

Common fibular nerve

44
Q

Which sensory nerve travels posteriorly down the leg, around the lateral malleolus and on the lateral foot?

A

Sural nerve

45
Q

What does the superficial fibular nerve innervate?

A

Lateral compartment muscles

46
Q

What does the deep fibular nerve innervate?

A

Anterior muscles

Web between big and 2nd toe

47
Q

Which artery would you find in the popliteal fossa? Where did it come from? When does it switch?

A

Popliteal artery
Femoral artery
When femoral goes through adductor hiatus on the adductor magnus muscle it becomes the popliteal

48
Q

What 2 branches does the popliteal artery branch into?

A

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

49
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery supply?

A

Lateral muscles

50
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery become?

A

Dorsalis pedis artery

51
Q

The posterior tibial artery branches into which artery?

A

Fibular

52
Q

The posterior tibial artery runs ________ to the _______ __________ onto the sole of the foot.

A

Posterior, medial malleolus

53
Q

The fibular artery runs along the ______ border of the fibula and supplies?

A

Medial, lateral muscles

54
Q

The great saphenous vein runs _____ to the ______ _______, medially up the thigh and drains into which vein?

A

Anterior, medial malleolus, femoral vein

55
Q

What structure might you see next to the great saphenous vein?

A

Saphenous nerve

56
Q

What connects the deep and superficial veins?

A

Perforating veins

57
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein begin? Small saphenous vein?

A 
Great= dorsal venous arch of foot
Small= lateral venous arch of foot
58
Q

The small saphenous vein runs _____ to the _______ ________ and drains into which vein?

A

Posterior, lateral malleolus, popliteal vein

59
Q

What structure might you see running with the small saphenous vein?

A

Sural nerve

60
Q

Which are the first lymph nodes seen in the leg?

A

Popliteal lymph nodes

61
Q

Which muscle is key in pumping venous blood back up to the heart?

A

Soleus

62
Q

Describe the body’s line of gravity at the hip, knee and ankle.

A

Posterior to hip
Anterior to knee
Anterior to ankle

63
Q

When standing, how does one keep from falling forward?

A

Contraction of the soleus causes plantarflexion

64
Q

What are the 6 structures that pass ______ to the _____ _______ and enter the plantar foot? From anterior to posterior?

A

Posterior, medial malleolus

Tibialis posterior tendon
Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Posterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial vein
Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus tendon
65
Q

What are the 7 tarsal bones?

A 
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Medial cuneiform
Intermediate cuneiform
Lateral cuneiform
Cuboid
66
Q

How many metatarsals and phalanges are in the foot?

A

5 metatarsals

14 phalanges

67
Q

What are the 3 bones of the ankle joint?

A

Tibia
Fibula
Talus

68
Q

What is the name of the ankle joint?

A

Talocrural joint

69
Q

Which ankle ligament is most commonly sprained?

A

Anterior talofibular

70
Q

Which movement is more stable for the ankle- dorsiflexion or plantarflexion? Why?

A

Dorsiflexion- the trochlea of the talus is wider anteriorly than posteriorly

71
Q

What ankle joint promotes inversion and eversion?

A

Subtalar joint

72
Q

What ankle joint promotes dorsiflexion and plantarflexion?

A

Talocrural joint

73
Q

What are the 2 arches of the foot?

A

Longitudinal

Transverse

74
Q

What are the 3 borders (medial, lateral, posterior) of the popliteal fossa?

A

Medial- semitendinosus, semimembranosus
Lateral- biceps femoris
Posterior- 2 heads of gastrocnemius

Winter Anatomy Quiz 1 (4 decks)

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