Anterior and Medial Thigh Flashcards
Fractures in the “hip joint” are most common where?
Neck of the femur
The greater trochanter is located where?
Superolaterally on femur
The lesser trochanter is located where?
Medial on femur
What is the longitudinal line on the posterior surface of the femur?
Linea aspera
The linea aspera is divided into how many lips? What are their names?
2, Lateral and medial lips
The lateral lip of the linea aspera becomes what superior structure?
Gluteal tuberosity
The medial lip of the linea aspera becomes what superior structure?
Pectineal line
The linea aspera diverges inferiorly to form what structure?
Medial and lateral supracondylar lines
How does the femur articulate with the tibia?
Medial and lateral condyles
What separates the medial and lateral condyles?
Intercondylar fossa
What structure do the condyles articulate with?
Tibial plateau
Where does the adductor magnus insert?
Adductor tubercle
Where is the adductor tubercle located?
On the medial epicondyle of the femur
Where does the patellar ligament insert?
Tibial tuberosity
How many compartments is the thigh divided into? What divides them?
3
Intermuscular septa of deep fascia
What are the compartments of the thigh?
Anterior
Posterior
Medial
What actions do the anterior thigh muscles have?
Knee extension
Hip flexion
What nerve innervates the anterior thigh muscles?
Femoral
What movements do the medial muscles do?
Hip adductors
What nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles?
Obturator
What movements do the posterior thigh muscles do?
Knee flexion
Hip extensors
What nerve innervates the posterior thigh muscles?
Sciatic nerve
How many muscles are in the anterior compartment? What are they?
5
Sartorius
Quads- vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis
Which anterior thigh muscles only act on the knee?
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
Which anterior thigh muscles act on both the knee and hip?
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
How many muscles are in the medial thigh compartment? What are they?
5 Gracilis Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Pectineus
Which medial thigh muscle acts on both the knee and hip?
Gracilis
Which 2 medial thigh muscles are in the same superficial plane?
Adductor longus
Pectineus
Where does the adductor brevis lie?
Deep to the adductor longus
What is the strongest adductor muscle in the thigh?
Adductor magnus
Which compartment of muscles are the strongest adductors of the thigh?
Medial
Which 2 actions are the medial muscles weak at?
Hip flexion
Medial rotation
The femoral vessels travel from anterior to posterior through what structure?
Adductor hiatus
Femoral vessels become what when they are posterior?
Popliteal vessels
What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?
Patella
What muscle is the strongest flexor of the hip?
Iliopsoas
What vessel supplies the neck of the femur?
Lateral circumflex femoral
What are the 3 borders of the femoral triangle?
Superior- inguinal ligament
Lateral- medial border of sartorius
Medial- medial border of adductor longus
What structures form the floor of the femoral triangle?
Iliposoas
Pectineus
Adductor longus
What structure forms the roof of the femoral triangle?
Fascia lata
The acronym NAVEL describes what?
The order of vessels in the femoral triangle from lateral –> medial
The femoral sheath surrounds which vessels?
Artery
Vein
Lymph
What vessels are located in the femoral canal?
Lymph vessels
The femoral artery is a branch of which artery?
External iliac
The femoral artery travels ______ to the inguinal ligament.
Deep
The femoral artery gives off what vessel in the femoral triangle?
Deep artery of the thigh
What is the main blood supply to the thigh?
Deep artery of the thigh
What vessels branch off the deep artery of the thigh?
Medial and lateral femoral circumflex
Perforating arteries
The perforating arteries supply what?
Posterior thigh
The deep artery of the thigh travels deep to what muscle?
Adductor longus
Where is the adductor canal?
From apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus
Where do the femoral vessels travel?
Adductor canal
Where does the saphenous nerve travel?
Adductor canal
What forms the anterior border of the adductor canal?
Sartorius
What are the 3 classes of veins of the thigh? What do they drain or what is their function?
Superficial- subcutaneous fascia
Deep- travel with arteries
Perforating- connect superficial and deep
Where do the deep veins drain?
External iliac vein
Where does the great saphenous vein originate?
Dorsal venous arch on foot
The great saphenous vein travels _____ to the medial malleolus and ______ to the medial epicondyle at the knee.
Anterior
Posterior
The great saphenous vein travels in which orientation up the leg?
Medially
Where does the great saphenous vein drain?
Femoral vein
Where does the great saphenous vein travel through?
Saphenous hiatus
Where does the lymph drain?
Deep inguinal nodes
What provides the innervation for sensory to skin of anterior thigh?
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Branches of femoral nerve
Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
What provides sensory innervation to the skin of medial thigh?
Obturator nerve
What supplies motor innervation to anterior thigh muscles?
Femoral nerve
What supplies motor innervation to the medial muscles of the thigh?
Obturator nerve
What does the head of the femur articulate with?
Acetebulum of pelvis
All the anterior compartment muscles are innervated by what nerve?
Femoral
