Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh Flashcards
Where does the quadratus femoris insert?
Quadrate tubercle
Where does the gluteus maximus insert?
Gluteal tuberosity
On what side of the femur is the linea aspera located?
Posterior
Where does the anterior part of the hip joint capsule insert?
Intertrochanteric line
What are the components of the os coxa? What is their orientation?
Ilium- superior
Ischium- posterior
Pubis- anterior
Where do the components of the os coxa come together?
Acetebulum
What are the 3 gluteal lines on the ilium?
Posterior
Anterior
Inferior
Which muscle originates posterior to the posterior gluteal line?
Gluteus maximus
What muscle originates between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines?
Gluteus medius
What muscle originates between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines?
Gluteus minimus
What are the components of the hip joint?
Femoral head
Acetabulum
The ligaments of the hip joint prevent which movement?
Hyperextension of the femur
What is the strongest ligament of the hip joint?
Iliofemoral ligament
The Y ligament is also called?
Iliofemoral ligament
True or false. Most femur dislocations are as a result of tearing on the anterior side.
False. The strongest ligaments are more anterior and the weaker ligaments are posterior where most dislocations occur.
The ligaments of the hip joint extend along what structure?
Intertrochanteric line between greater and lesser trochanters
What structure deepens the hip socket for the femur?
Acetebular labrum
What happens if the angle of the neck of the femur to shaft is less than 120? Greater than 135?
Coxa vara
Coxa valga
What is Shenton’s line?
Neck of the femur forms an arch with the obturator foramen
What 2 clinical findings indicate a broken neck of femur?
Leg is externally rotated
Leg is superiorly displaced
What 2 muscles insert on the IT band?
Gluteus maximus
TFL
What muscle is the most important for extension against gravity?
Gluteus maximus
What muscle is the most powerful abductor of the thigh?
Gluteus medius
What vessels run between the glut medius and glut minimus?
Superior gluteal vessels
The trochanteric bursa lies between which 2 structures?
Gluteus maximus
Greater trochanter
What are the 4 muscles that externally rotate hip?
Obturator internus + gemelli
Quad femoris
Piriformis
Glut maximus
What are the 3 muscles that internally rotate the hip?
Glut medius
Glut minimus
TFL
What are the 4 most important muscles that stabilize the hip joint while standing?
Glut maximus via IT band
TFL via IT band
Glut medius
Glut minimus
What does a positive Trendelenburg Test indicate?
If pelvis drops while lifting leg, then there’s a problem with the stabilization of the opposite hip.
What are 3 possibilities that explain a positive Trendelenburg Test?
Femoral dislocation
Glut med or min weakness
Superior gluteal nerve damage
What are the 4 muscles of the hamstrings?
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris long head
Biceps femoris short head
All the hamstring muscles except for one originate at the ______? What is the exception?
Ischial tuberosity
Biceps femoris short head- linea aspera
All the hamstring muscles except one are innervated by _______? What is the exception?
Tibial nerve
Biceps femoris short head- fibular nerve
Where does the IT band insert?
Lateral tibial plateau at Gerty’s tubercle
What does the IT band pass over before insertion?
Lateral femoral condyle
The IT band can become irritated by what movement?
Repeated flexion of knee
Where does the semimembranosus insert?
Medial tibial plateau
What muscles insert on the pes anserine?
Semitendinosus
Gracilis
Sartorius
The insertion of muscles on the anteromedial tibia is called what?
Pes anserine
Where do the vessels for the glutes pass through?
Greater sciatic foramen
Which vessels enter gluteal region superior to piriformis?
Superior gluteal vessels
Which 5 vessels enter the gluteal region inferior to the piriformis?
Inferior gluteal vessels Pudendal nerve Internal pudendal a, v Sciatic nerve Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
What provides innervation to the skin of posterior thigh?
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
The sciatic nerve contains which 2 nerves?
Tibial
Fibular
What vessel primarily supplies the posterior thigh?
Perforating branches of the deep femoral artery
Which 3 vessels make up the curciate anastomosis?
Perforating branches of deep femoral artery
Medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries
Inferior gluteal artery
The nerves to the gluteal region originate where?
S1 and S2
What is the major artery of the hip joint?
Medial femoral circumflex
How is the femur attached at the hip socket?
Ligament of the head of the femur attaches to fovea capitis
Which nerves run superior and inferior to the piriformis?
Superior- superior gluteal nerve
Inferior- sciatic nerve
