Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh

Question 1

Where does the quadratus femoris insert?

Answer 1

Quadrate tubercle

Question 2

Where does the gluteus maximus insert?

Answer 2

Gluteal tuberosity

Question 3

On what side of the femur is the linea aspera located?

Answer 3

Posterior

Question 4

Where does the anterior part of the hip joint capsule insert?

Answer 4

Intertrochanteric line

Question 5

What are the components of the os coxa? What is their orientation?

Answer 5

Ilium- superior
Ischium- posterior
Pubis- anterior

Question 6

Where do the components of the os coxa come together?

Answer 6

Acetebulum

Question 7

What are the 3 gluteal lines on the ilium?

Answer 7

Posterior
Anterior
Inferior

Question 8

Which muscle originates posterior to the posterior gluteal line?

Answer 8

Gluteus maximus

Question 9

What muscle originates between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines?

Answer 9

Gluteus medius

Question 10

What muscle originates between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines?

Answer 10

Gluteus minimus

Question 11

What are the components of the hip joint?

Answer 11

Femoral head

Acetabulum

Question 12

The ligaments of the hip joint prevent which movement?

Answer 12

Hyperextension of the femur

Question 13

What is the strongest ligament of the hip joint?

Answer 13

Iliofemoral ligament

Question 14

The Y ligament is also called?

Answer 14

Iliofemoral ligament

Question 15

True or false. Most femur dislocations are as a result of tearing on the anterior side.

Answer 15

False. The strongest ligaments are more anterior and the weaker ligaments are posterior where most dislocations occur.

Question 16

The ligaments of the hip joint extend along what structure?

Answer 16

Intertrochanteric line between greater and lesser trochanters

Question 17

What structure deepens the hip socket for the femur?

Answer 17

Acetebular labrum

Question 18

What happens if the angle of the neck of the femur to shaft is less than 120? Greater than 135?

Answer 18

Coxa vara

Coxa valga

Question 19

What is Shenton’s line?

Answer 19

Neck of the femur forms an arch with the obturator foramen

Question 20

What 2 clinical findings indicate a broken neck of femur?

Answer 20

Leg is externally rotated

Leg is superiorly displaced

Question 21

What 2 muscles insert on the IT band?

Answer 21

Gluteus maximus

TFL

Question 22

What muscle is the most important for extension against gravity?

Answer 22

Gluteus maximus

Question 23

What muscle is the most powerful abductor of the thigh?

Answer 23

Gluteus medius

Question 24

What vessels run between the glut medius and glut minimus?

Answer 24

Superior gluteal vessels

Question 25

The trochanteric bursa lies between which 2 structures?

Answer 25

Gluteus maximus | Greater trochanter

Question 26

What are the 4 muscles that externally rotate hip?

Answer 26

Obturator internus + gemelli Quad femoris Piriformis Glut maximus

Question 27

What are the 3 muscles that internally rotate the hip?

Answer 27

Glut medius Glut minimus TFL

Question 28

What are the 4 most important muscles that stabilize the hip joint while standing?

Answer 28

Glut maximus via IT band TFL via IT band Glut medius Glut minimus

Question 29

What does a positive Trendelenburg Test indicate?

Answer 29

If pelvis drops while lifting leg, then there's a problem with the stabilization of the opposite hip.

Question 30

What are 3 possibilities that explain a positive Trendelenburg Test?

Answer 30

Femoral dislocation Glut med or min weakness Superior gluteal nerve damage

Question 31

What are the 4 muscles of the hamstrings?

Answer 31

Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris long head Biceps femoris short head

Question 32

All the hamstring muscles except for one originate at the ______? What is the exception?

Answer 32

Ischial tuberosity | Biceps femoris short head- linea aspera

Question 33

All the hamstring muscles except one are innervated by _______? What is the exception?

Answer 33

Tibial nerve | Biceps femoris short head- fibular nerve

Question 34

Where does the IT band insert?

Answer 34

Lateral tibial plateau at Gerty's tubercle

Question 35

What does the IT band pass over before insertion?

Answer 35

Lateral femoral condyle

Question 36

The IT band can become irritated by what movement?

Answer 36

Repeated flexion of knee

Question 37

Where does the semimembranosus insert?

Answer 37

Medial tibial plateau

Question 38

What muscles insert on the pes anserine?

Answer 38

Semitendinosus Gracilis Sartorius

Question 39

The insertion of muscles on the anteromedial tibia is called what?

Answer 39

Pes anserine

Question 40

Where do the vessels for the glutes pass through?

Answer 40

Greater sciatic foramen

Question 41

Which vessels enter gluteal region superior to piriformis?

Answer 41

Superior gluteal vessels

Question 42

Which 5 vessels enter the gluteal region inferior to the piriformis?

Answer 42

``` Inferior gluteal vessels Pudendal nerve Internal pudendal a, v Sciatic nerve Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve ```

Question 43

What provides innervation to the skin of posterior thigh?

Answer 43

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 44

The sciatic nerve contains which 2 nerves?

Answer 44

Tibial | Fibular

Question 45

What vessel primarily supplies the posterior thigh?

Answer 45

Perforating branches of the deep femoral artery

Question 46

Which 3 vessels make up the curciate anastomosis?

Answer 46

Perforating branches of deep femoral artery Medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries Inferior gluteal artery

Question 47

The nerves to the gluteal region originate where?

Answer 47

S1 and S2

Question 48

What is the major artery of the hip joint?

Answer 48

Medial femoral circumflex

Question 49

How is the femur attached at the hip socket?

Answer 49

Ligament of the head of the femur attaches to fovea capitis

Question 50

Which nerves run superior and inferior to the piriformis?

Answer 50

Superior- superior gluteal nerve | Inferior- sciatic nerve