Knee joint

Question 1

knee joint also known as…

Answer 1

tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint

Question 2

3 Articulations:

Answer 2

between:

• lateral condyle of the femur, lateral meniscus & lateral condyle of the tibia
• medial condyle of the femur, medial meniscus & medial condyle of the tibia
• patella & the patellar surface of the femur

Question 3

3 Joints : 1 synovial cavity

Answer 3

1. Lateral tibiofemoral joint (hinge)
2. Medial tibiofemoral joint (hinge)
3. Patellofemoral Joint (plane)

Question 4

Intracapsular (cruciate) ligaments: (1of2)

Answer 4

-Posterior cruciate ligament: attaches to the posterior intercondylar region of the tibia, and ascends anteriorly to attach to the femur in the intercondylar fossa. It prevents dislocation of the tibia onto the femur

Question 5

Intracapsular (cruciate) ligaments: (2of2)

Answer 5

-Anterior cruciate ligament: Attaches at the anterior intercondylar region of the tibia and ascends posteriorly to attach to the femur, in the intercondylar fossa. It prevents posterior dislocation of the tibia onto the femur

Question 6

Major Ligaments (4): Patellar ligament

Answer 6

• is a continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon distal to the patella.
• attaches to the tibial tuberosity

Question 7

Major Ligaments (4): Collateral ligaments

Answer 7

• these two strap-like ligaments act to stabilise the hinge motion of the knees
• prevent medial and lateral movement

Question 8

Major Ligaments (4): Tibial (medial) collateral ligament

Answer 8

• proximally it attaches to the medial epicondyle of the femur
• distally it attaches to the medial surface of the tibia

Question 9

Major Ligaments (4): Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

Answer 9

• proximally attaches to lateral epicondyl of femur

- distally attaches to depression on the lateral surface of the fibular head

Question 10

4 main movements of knee joint

Answer 10

• Extension (quadriceps femoris)
• flexion (hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius & popliteus)
• lateral rotation (biceps femoris)
• medial rotation (semimembranous, semitendirosus, gracilis, sartarius & popliteus)

Question 11

Muscles:

Answer 11

Quadriceps group:
-rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermediatis
Hamstring group:
-semitendinosus, semimembranous, biceps femoris

Question 12

Blood supply:

Answer 12

Receives blood from branches of the :

• femoral artery
• popliteal artery
• anterior artery

Question 13

Innervation:

Answer 13

lumbar & sacral plexuses:

• femoral nerve
• obturator nerve
• tibial nerve (branch of sciatic nerve)
• common fibular (peroneal) (branch of sciatic nerve)