Knee Disorders Flashcards
define Osgood-Schlatters Disease
an apophysitis (inflammation or stress injury) of the tibial tuberosity that causes anterior knee pain in adolescence
cause of Osgood-Schlatters Disease
repetitive strain of patellar tendon at its insertion on the ossification centre of the tibial tuberosity
clinical features of Osgood-Schlatters Disease
unilateral gradual anterior knee pain that relieves on rest and worsens on knee extension
swelling below the knee
examination findings in Osgood-Schlatters Disease
tenderness and swelling of tibial tuberosity
pain on knee extension against resistance
pain on hyperflexion on knee in prone position
investigations of Osgood-Schlatters Disease
XR
US
MRI
conservative management of Osgood-Schlatters Disease
analgesia
reduction in activity based on pain
refer to physiotherapy
indications for surgery in Osgood-Schlatters Disease
presence of ossicle under distal patellar tendon
recurrent symptoms in adulthood
define meniscal tears
injury (often twisting or pivoting) or trauma to the meniscus of the knee causing tearing
risk factors of meniscal tears
acute trauma
degenerative changes
repetitive stress
PMH of cruciate ligament injury
clinical features of meniscal tears
knee pain
sensation of ‘buckling’, ‘locking’ or ‘catching
swelling
⬇️ ROM of joint
investigations for meniscal tears
MRI
plain XR
management of meniscal tears
PRICER: protect from further injury rest (crutches for 24-48hrs) ice compression elevation rehabilitation (physio)
indications for surgical intervention in meniscal tears
locking of the knee
symptoms persisting after 6-8wks of physio
surgical management of meniscal tears
partial meniscectomy
define anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries
a tearing of the ACL often due to sudden deceleration/change of direction that causes a valgus twisting injury
forceful hyperextension
clinical features of ACL injuries
sudden painful ‘popping’ sensation
rapid swelling
inability to resume activity
lateral knee and joint line tenderness
examination findings in ACL injuries
+ve anterior drawer test
+ve lachman test
investigations in ACL injuries
MRI
XR (only if impact occurred)
management of ACL injuries (low demand)
PRICER
management of ACL injuries (high demand)
ACL reconstruction
define medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury
a traumatic knee injury often occurring as a result of a sudden valgus force to the lateral aspect of the knee
clinical features of MCL injuries
medial joint line pain
‘pop’ at time of injury
difficulty moving due to pain and instability of the joint
examination findings in MCL injuries
+ve valgus stress test
management of MCL injuries
PRICER
surgical repair
