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Orthopaedics System > Infectious Diseases of MSK > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases of MSK Flashcards

1
Q

define osteomyelitis

A

an infection of bone marrow that can spread to the bone cortex

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2
Q

common causes of osteomyelitis

A

staph aureus
coagulase-negative staphylococci
haemophilus influenzae
escherichia coli

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3
Q

categories of osteomyelitis

A

haematogenous

  • results from haematological bacteria seeding from remote source
  • more common in children

contiguous:
- occurs when direct contact between infected tissue and bone

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4
Q

risk factors of osteomyelitis

A 
immunosuppression
trauma 
prosthetic ortho device 
diabetes 
extremes of age
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5
Q

clinical features of acute osteomyelitis in infants

A 
septic appearance 
failure to thrive 
drowsy and irritable 
metaphyseal swelling and tenderness 
⬇️ ROM
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6
Q

clinical features of acute osteomyelitis in children

A 
severe pain of affected area
⬇️ ROM and movement reluctancy 
swinging pyrexia 
tachycardia 
malaise
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7
Q

clinical features of chronic osteomyelitis

A

previous acute infection
swelling
⬇️ ROM
chronic fatigue

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8
Q

gold standard investigation in osteomyelitis

A

bone biopsy

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9
Q

additional investigations in osteomyelitis

A

bloods (FBC, ESR, CRP, U+Es and cultures)
XR
MRI
aspirate

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10
Q

management of acute osteomyelitis

A

analgesics
IV fluids
4-6wk course flucloxacillin and rifampicin (start IV and switch to oral)
rest and splint affected site

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11
Q

indications for surgery in osteomyelitis

A

pus present
infected, dead or contaminated tissue
no response to antibiotics
infected joint prosthetic

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12
Q

management of chronic osteomyelitis

A

surgical debridement
long-term antibiotics
amputation

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13
Q

blood test result used to track treatment efficacy in osteomyelitis

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

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14
Q

define septic arthritis

A

infection of the joint caused by either bacteria or a virus that spreads to the fluid surrounding the joint

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15
Q

causative organisms in septic arthritis

A

staph aureus
haemophilus influenza
strep pyogenes
e.coli

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16
Q

risk factors of septic arthritis

A

joint disease
chronic kidney disease
immunosuppression
prosthetic joints

17
Q

clinical features of septic arthritis

A

acutely inflamed tender and swollen joint
⬇️ ROM
systemically unwell

18
Q

investigations of septic arthritis

A 
joint aspirate for MCS 
bloods tests (FBC, ESR or CRP) 
blood cultures 
XR joint
19
Q

management of septic arthritis

A 
IV antibiotics (flucloxacillin IV for 2wks then oral 2-4wks)
splinting of the limb 
supportive measures
20
Q

management of septic arthritis if no response to antibiotics

A

joint drainage and lavage
< wash out to remove infected tissue and pus
< only used if temperature fails to settle

Orthopaedics System (9 decks)

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