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Therapeutic Measurements > Knee & Ankle > Flashcards

Knee & Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

The knee is _____ articulations in _____ capsule.

A

Two; One

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2
Q

What are the two joints in the knee?

A

Tibiofemoral Joint and Patellofemoral Joint

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3
Q

The articular surfaces of the tibia have two discs called the _____. Where are they located?

A

Menisci; between the tibia and femur

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4
Q

What are the tendon and ligament supports that the joints have?

A

Medial & Lateral

Cruciate (Anterior and Posterior)

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5
Q

How many degrees of freedom?

A

Actually 2
Flexion/Extension
Rotation (automatic rotation at the end of extension & cannot control it)

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6
Q

Where is the knee most stable?

A

Extension; takes more force, but would cause more damage

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7
Q

Where is the knee least stable?

A

Flexion; when it is most easiest to damage

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8
Q

AROM for knee flexion

A

150

Functional is 90

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9
Q

Position for knee flexion

A

Supine or Prone (neither of these are 100% against gravity)

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10
Q

Test motion for knee flexion

A

Bringing knee up to chest

Slide heel if they cannot lift leg

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11
Q

End feel for knee flexion

A

Usually soft, but can be firm due to tension of quads

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12
Q

Axis for knee flexion

A

Lateral epicondyle of femur

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13
Q

Stationary arm for knee flexion

A

Midline of femur

In line with greater trochanter

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14
Q

Movable arm for knee flexion

A

Midline of fibula

Line up with lateral malleolus

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15
Q

AROM for knee extension

A

0
In children it may go beyond 0
In adults if it is beyond 5 (up to 10 ok) it is hyperextension or genu recurvatum

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16
Q

What is another way to say hyperextension

A

Genu recurvatum

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17
Q

Position for knee extension

A

Supine or prone

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18
Q

Test motion for knee extension

A

Put heel of one leg on toes of the other

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19
Q

End feel for knee extension

A

Firm

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20
Q

Axis for knee extension

A

Lateral epicondyle of femur

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21
Q

Stationary arm for knee extension

A

Midline of femur

Line up with Greater Trochanter

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22
Q

Movable arm for knee extension

A

Midline of fibula

Line up with lateral malleolus

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23
Q

Muscles for knee flexion

A

Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

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24
Q

Palpation for Biceps Femoris

A

Along lateral posterior thigh

Tendon is proximal to the back of knee

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25
Q

Palpation for Semimembranosus

A

Either side of the semitendinosus tendon

26
Q

Palpation for Semitendinosus

A

Proximal to the knee
Posterior on the medial side
(follow the cord up)

27
Q

Knee flexion AG

A 
Prone
Hip neutral; knee 10°
Thigh flat on table
Flex knee to 90°
Resistance: mid-calf
28
Q

Knee flexion GM

A

Sidelying

29
Q

Knee flexion MMT scores

A

5: max
4: mod
3: full range
2: sidelying slide on board
1: trace

30
Q

Muscles for knee extension

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius

31
Q

Palpation for Rectus femoris

A

V shaped muscle between the sartorius and tensor fascia latae

32
Q

Palpation for Vastus medialis

A

Medial thigh proximal to the patella

33
Q

Palpation for Vastus lateralis

A

Cannon palpate

34
Q

Palpation for Vastus intermedius

A

Cannot palpate

35
Q

Knee extension AG

A

Semi-Sitting
Hip flexed 45° (leaned back slightly), knee at 90° over edge of table
Extend leg
Resistance: mid-calf

36
Q

Knee extension GM

A

Sidelying

37
Q

Knee extension MMT scores

A

5: max
4: mod
3: full ROM
2: sidelying on friction free surface
1: trace

38
Q

What does the Clarke’s Grind Test asses?

A

Patellofemoral dysfunction

39
Q

Starting position for Clarke’s Grind Test

A

Supine with the knee extended

40
Q

Test movement for Clarke’s Grind Test

A

Place web space of your hand around the superior patella (do NOT push down)
Ask client to do a quad set, resist against the patella moving up

41
Q

Possible results for Clarke’s Grind Test

A

Positive: pain or inability to hold contraction

42
Q

What does McMurray’s Test asses

A

Meniscal Tear

43
Q

Starting position for McMurray’s Test

A

Supine and relaxed

44
Q

Test movement for McMurray’s Test

A

Examiner takes leg & places the knee in as much flexion as possible
Rotate the heel causing internal & then external rotation

45
Q

Possible results for McMurray’s Test

A

Positive: pain, but also listen and feel for clicking or popping over the meniscus

46
Q

What does Apley’s Grind Test assess

A

Meniscal tear

47
Q

Starting position for Apley’s Grind Test

A

Prone with the knee at 90°

48
Q

Test movement for Apley’s Grind Test

A

Examiner stabilizes the posterior thigh

Compress through the heel and rotate the leg

49
Q

Possible results for Apley’s Grind Test

A

Positive: pain

In this same position you can do distraction
Pain: ligament tear

50
Q

**Apley’s Distraction Test

A

Same position as Apley’s Grind Test
Traction applied with rotation
No pain if meniscal
Pain if damage to capsule or ligaments

51
Q

What does the Anterior Drawer Test assess

A

ACL tear or rupture

52
Q

What is a warning of the Anterior Drawer Test

A

It can yield a false positive

53
Q

Starting position for Anterior Drawer Test

A

Supine with knee flexed 90°

Stabilize foot on the table

54
Q

Test movement for Anterior Drawer Test

A

Grasp the proximal tibia with thumbs on the anterior

Attempt to PULL tibia anteriorly (like a drawer)

55
Q

Possible results for Anterior Drawer Test

A

More than 6mm of translation at the front (feel with thumbs)

56
Q

What can the Anterior Drawer Test also indicate

A

Capsule problems
Medial collateral ligament
Iliotibial band issues

57
Q

What does the Posterior Drawer Test asses

A

PCL tear or rupture

58
Q

Starting position for the Posterior Drawer Test

A

Supine with knee flexed 90°

Stabilize the foot on the table

59
Q

Test movement for Posterior Drawer Test

A

Grasp the proximal tibia with thumbs on the anterior
Attempt to PUSH tibia posteriorly (like a drawer)
May not have to test because sometimes you get a “drop back sign”

60
Q

Results for Posterior Drawer Test

A

More than 6mm of translation at the front

Can also indicate: capsule problems, medial collateral ligament, iliotibial band issues

Therapeutic Measurements (8 decks)

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