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Therapeutic Measurements > Gait > Flashcards

Gait Flashcards

1
Q

What are the phases in normal gait?

A

Stance Phase and Swing phase

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2
Q

What is the stance phase?

A

When the foot is on the ground

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3
Q

What percentage of time is spent in stance phase?

A

60%

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4
Q

What is swing phase?

A

when the foot is moving forward

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5
Q

What percentage of time is spent in swing phase?

A

40%

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6
Q

Which phase is used more in gait?

A

Stance phase

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7
Q

First step of stance phase

A

Heel strike/initial contact

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8
Q

Second step of stance phase

A

Foot flat/loading: (most of the weight shifted to that leg)

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9
Q

Third step of stance phase

A

Midstance/Midstance: (weight shifts forward)

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10
Q

Fourth step of stance phase

A

Push off or Toe off/terminal stance

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11
Q

First step of swing phase

A

Acceleration/initial swing

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12
Q

Second step of swing phase

A

Midswing/Midswing

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13
Q

Third step of swing phase

A

Deceleration/terminal swing

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14
Q

What is double stance

A

Just standing on both feet

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15
Q

How does loading occur when a person has a problem sensing their foot

A

Ankle or knee is collapsing

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16
Q

How does midstance occur when a person has a problem sensing their foot

A

Looking at shoes

17
Q

How does the terminal phase occur when a person has a problem sensing their foot

A

Foot drop is an issue

18
Q

How does midswing occur when a person has a problem sensing their foot

A

They are not able to clear the foot

19
Q

How does deceleration occur when a person has a problem sensing their foot

A

Proprioception, sensory

20
Q

The knee should be flexed for all aspects of the stance phase EXCEPT

A

Heel strike

21
Q

What position should the knee be in during the stance phase (not including heel strike)

A

Flexion

22
Q

What do the pelvis and trunk do during gait

A

Shift laterally toward the weight bearing side; it creates a fulcrum

23
Q

The average length of a step (toe to heel) is what

A

15 inches

24
Q

When would there be a difference to the average length of a step (normally it is 15 inches) and what is the change

A

Decreases with age, pain, fear, or fatigue

25
Q

What is the average adult cadence?

A

90-120 steps per minute (100 calories a mile)

26
Q

What does the pelvis do during the swing phase?

A

Rotates forward about 40% and the opposite pelvis is a fulcrum instead of using the muscles

27
Q

What is propulsive or festinating gait?

A

Stooped, rigid posture & the head and neck are bent forward
Flexed, stiffened arms held away from body
Fingers extended
Knees and hips stiffly bent

28
Q

What happens during ambulation of propulsive or festinating gait?

A

Forward shifting of the body’s COG & consequent impairment of balance, causing increasingly rapid, short, shuffling steps, involuntary acceleration (festination) & lack of control over forward motion (propulsion) or backward motion

29
Q

What are examples of propulsive or festinating

A

Common in Parkinson’s and poisoning or drugs

30
Q

What can you do with propulsive gait?

A

Assist with ambulation (help with safety, gait belt, railings)
Instruct family and pt on safety
Provide & train w/ ADL equipment
Refer to PT as needed

31
Q

What is scissoring gait?

A

Results from bilateral spastic paresis (diplegia), scissor gait affects both leg & has little or no effect on the arms

32
Q

Describe scissoring gait

A

Patient’s legs flex slightly at the hips and knees
Looks as if they’re crouching
With each step, the thighs adduct and knees hit/cross in a scissor like movement

33
Q

What are the steps of scissoring gait like?

A

Short, regular, and laborious

May walk on toes or on the balls of his feet and may scrape toes on the cround

34
Q

What is scissoring gait common in?

A

Spinal injury (low) or tumors, CP, MS

35
Q

What would we do with it? Can we change it?

A

Cannot change it; do safety with ambulation and ADLs

Therapeutic Measurements (8 decks)

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