Knee and Thigh Pathologies Flashcards
What are 2 most common causes of anterior thigh pain?
Quadriceps contusion
Quadriceps muscle strain
What is the mechanism of injury for a quadriceps contusion (C) vs quadriceps muscle strain (S)?
C: Contact injury
S: Non-contact
What is the pain onset for a quadriceps contusion (C) vs quadriceps muscle strain (S)?
C: Immediate or soon after
S: After cool down (next day)
What is the behaviour of pain (24hr period post) for a quadriceps contusion (C) vs quadriceps muscle strain (S)?
C: Improves with gentle activity
S: Painful with use
What is the location for a quadriceps contusion (C) vs quadriceps muscle strain (S)?
C: Usually lateral or distal
S: Rectus femoris muscle belly
(proximal or middle-third)
What is the bruising/swelling for a quadriceps contusion (C) vs quadriceps muscle strain (S)?
C: May be obvious early
S: May be absent or delayed
What are the palpation findings for a quadriceps contusion (C) vs quadriceps muscle strain (S)?
C: Tenderness more obvious, lump may
feel ovoid or spherical, becomes
progressively harder
S: May be difficult to find or may be a small
area of focal tenderness with a characteristic
ring of inflammation surrounding it
Muscle spasm in adjacent fibres proximally and distally
What is the effect of stretching for a quadriceps contusion (C) vs quadriceps muscle strain (S)?
C: May initially aggravate pain
S: Not associated with pain
What is the strength testing for a quadriceps contusion (C) vs quadriceps muscle strain (S)?
C: No loss of strength except pain inhibition
S: Loss of strength (may need eccentric or functional testing to
reproduce pain)
What are the 2 most common causes of posterior thigh pain?
Hamstring muscle strains
• Type I
• Type II
• Hamstring muscle contusion
What are the 2 most common causes of posterior leg pain?
Muscle strains • Gastrocnemius • Soleus • Plantaris Muscle contusion • Gastrocnemius
What are the 7 most common causes of acute anterior knee pain?
Medial meniscus tear MCL sprain ACL sprain (rupture) Lateral meniscus tear Articular cartilage injury PCL sprain Patellar dislocation
What are the 8 less common causes of acute anterior knee pain?
Patellar tendon rupture Quadriceps tendon rupture Acute patellofemoral contusion LCL sprain Bursal haematoma/bursitis Acute fat pad impingement Avulsion of biceps femoris tendon Superior tibiofibular joint injury
What are 3 assessment tests for an ACL injury?
Lachman’s test
Anterior drawer test
Lateral pivot shift
What are 3 assessment tests for a PCL injury?
Posterior sag sign
Posterior drawer test
What are 2 assessment tests for a meniscal injury?
McMurrays test
Apleys test
What is an assessment test for a MCL injury?
Valgus stress test at 30°
What is an assessment test for a PCL injury?
Varus stress test at 30°
What are 2 most common causes of anterior knee pain?
Patellofemoral pain
Patellar tendinopathy
What is a structural contributing factor to increased femoral/hip rotation?
femoral anteversion
What are 3 muscular contributing factors to increased femoral/hip rotation?
Inadequate strength/control hip external rotators • hip abductors • hip extensors • lumbopelvic muscles
What are ROM contributing factors to increased femoral/hip rotation?
Range of motion deficits:
• inadequate ankle dorsiflexion range
• inadequate hip external rotation range
What are 5 muscular contributing factors to Increased hip adduction?
Inadequate strength/control: • hip external rotators • hip abductors • hip extensors • lumbopelvic muscles • trunk muscles
What are 3 structural contributing factors to increased apparent knee
valgus/tibial external rotation?
Structural:
• genu varum
• tibial varum
• coxa varum
