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PHTY2110 > Knee and Thigh Pathologies > Flashcards

Knee and Thigh Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 most common causes of anterior thigh pain?

A

Quadriceps contusion

Quadriceps muscle strain

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of injury for a quadriceps contusion (C) vs quadriceps muscle strain (S)?

A

C: Contact injury
S: Non-contact

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3
Q

What is the pain onset for a quadriceps contusion (C) vs quadriceps muscle strain (S)?

A

C: Immediate or soon after
S: After cool down (next day)

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4
Q

What is the behaviour of pain (24hr period post) for a quadriceps contusion (C) vs quadriceps muscle strain (S)?

A

C: Improves with gentle activity
S: Painful with use

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5
Q

What is the location for a quadriceps contusion (C) vs quadriceps muscle strain (S)?

A

C: Usually lateral or distal
S: Rectus femoris muscle belly
(proximal or middle-third)

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6
Q

What is the bruising/swelling for a quadriceps contusion (C) vs quadriceps muscle strain (S)?

A

C: May be obvious early
S: May be absent or delayed

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7
Q

What are the palpation findings for a quadriceps contusion (C) vs quadriceps muscle strain (S)?

A

C: Tenderness more obvious, lump may
feel ovoid or spherical, becomes
progressively harder
S: May be difficult to find or may be a small
area of focal tenderness with a characteristic
ring of inflammation surrounding it
Muscle spasm in adjacent fibres proximally and distally

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8
Q

What is the effect of stretching for a quadriceps contusion (C) vs quadriceps muscle strain (S)?

A

C: May initially aggravate pain
S: Not associated with pain

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9
Q

What is the strength testing for a quadriceps contusion (C) vs quadriceps muscle strain (S)?

A

C: No loss of strength except pain inhibition
S: Loss of strength (may need eccentric or functional testing to
reproduce pain)

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10
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of posterior thigh pain?

A

Hamstring muscle strains
• Type I
• Type II
• Hamstring muscle contusion

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11
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of posterior leg pain?

A 
Muscle strains
• Gastrocnemius
• Soleus
• Plantaris
Muscle contusion
• Gastrocnemius
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12
Q

What are the 7 most common causes of acute anterior knee pain?

A 
Medial meniscus tear
MCL sprain
ACL sprain (rupture)
Lateral meniscus tear
Articular cartilage injury
PCL sprain
Patellar dislocation
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13
Q

What are the 8 less common causes of acute anterior knee pain?

A 
Patellar tendon rupture
Quadriceps tendon rupture
Acute patellofemoral contusion
LCL sprain
Bursal haematoma/bursitis
Acute fat pad impingement
Avulsion of biceps femoris tendon
Superior tibiofibular joint injury
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14
Q

What are 3 assessment tests for an ACL injury?

A

Lachman’s test
Anterior drawer test
Lateral pivot shift

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15
Q

What are 3 assessment tests for a PCL injury?

A

Posterior sag sign

Posterior drawer test

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16
Q

What are 2 assessment tests for a meniscal injury?

A

McMurrays test

Apleys test

17
Q

What is an assessment test for a MCL injury?

A

Valgus stress test at 30°

18
Q

What is an assessment test for a PCL injury?

A

Varus stress test at 30°

19
Q

What are 2 most common causes of anterior knee pain?

A

Patellofemoral pain

Patellar tendinopathy

20
Q

What is a structural contributing factor to increased femoral/hip rotation?

A

femoral anteversion

21
Q

What are 3 muscular contributing factors to increased femoral/hip rotation?

A 
Inadequate strength/control
hip external rotators
• hip abductors
• hip extensors
• lumbopelvic muscles
22
Q

What are ROM contributing factors to increased femoral/hip rotation?

A

Range of motion deficits:
• inadequate ankle dorsiflexion range
• inadequate hip external rotation range

23
Q

What are 5 muscular contributing factors to Increased hip adduction?

A 
Inadequate strength/control:
• hip external rotators
• hip abductors
• hip extensors
• lumbopelvic muscles
• trunk muscles
24
Q

What are 3 structural contributing factors to increased apparent knee
valgus/tibial external rotation?

A

Structural:
• genu varum
• tibial varum
• coxa varum

25
Q

What are 5 muscular contributing factors to increased apparent knee
valgus/tibial external rotation

A 
Inadequate strength/control:
• hip external rotators
• hip extensors
• hip abductors
• quadriceps
• hamstrings
• lumbopelvic muscles
26
Q

What are 2 most common causes of lateral knee pain?

A 
Iliotibial band friction syndrome
Lateral meniscus abnormality
• Minor tear
• Degenerative change
• Cyst
27
Q

What are 3 most common causes of medial knee pain?

A 
Patellofemoral syndrome
Medial meniscus
• Minor tear
• Degenerative change
• Cyst
Osteoarthritis of the medial
compartment of the knee
28
Q

What are 2 less common causes of medial knee pain?

A 
Pes anserinus
• Tendinopathy
• Bursitis
Medial collateral ligament
• Grade 1 sprain/bursitis
• Pellegrini-Stieda lesion
29
Q

What are 3 most common cause of posterior knee pain?

A

Knee joint effusion
Baker’s cyst
Biceps femoris tendinopathy

30
Q

What are 2 less common causes of posterior knee pain?

A

Popliteus tendinopathy

Gastrocnemius tendinopathy

PHTY2110 (9 decks)

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