Knee and thigh

Question 1

Effusion tests

Answer 1

tap test
sweep test

Question 2

Patella tap test

Answer 2

stabilise above and bellow knee
quick taps on patella down on femur (listen for bony sound)

Question 3

Sweep/stroke test

Answer 3

medially: stroke up to push fluids
laterally: stroke down and medially

Question 4

joint integrity tests

Answer 4

ACL anterior drawer
PCL posterior drawer
ACL Lachman’s
MCL/valgus stress (neutral and flexion)
LCL/varus stress (neutral and flexion)
med + lateral meniscus McMurrays

Question 5

additional passive accessory movements

Answer 5

external/internal rotation of tibio-femoral joint.
PA/AP superior tib-fib.
single leg squat w medial glide/hip abd activation

Question 6

Anterior draw test

Answer 6

ACL
supine, sitting on their foot.
hands wrapped around condyles pulling fib and tib out towards me.
look for endfeel, clunck, excessive mvmt.
make sure hammys are relaxed, = false +ve

Question 7

Lachman’s test

Answer 7

ACL
supine, my bent knee under their slightly bent leg.
stabilise/grip femur and pull the tibia up.
relaxed hammys.
looking for clunck, excessive mvmt and pain.

Question 8

Valgus test

Answer 8

MCL
1. knee extended, lift leg up under my arm and place 2 fingers on the MCL and apply valgus force with other hand.
also testing knee capsule
2.knee flexed at 30˚, repeat. bias to ligament.
looking for pain or symptoms.

Question 9

Varus test

Answer 9

LCL
1. knee extended, lift leg up under my arm and place 2 fingers on the LCL and apply varus force with other hand.
also testing knee capsule
2.knee flexed at 30˚, repeat. bias to ligament.
looking for pain or symptoms.

Question 10

McMurray’s test - medial meniscus

Answer 10

supine, hip and knee flexed
hand on knee to feel medial meniscus
other hand at ankle
turn heel medially
straighten the leg down and repeat
can add varus force to compress

Question 11

McMurray’s test - lateral meniscus

Answer 11

supine, hip and knee flexed
hand on knee to feel lat meniscus
other hand at ankle
turn heel laterally
straighten the leg down and repeat
can add valgus force of negative so far.

Question 12

Posterior drawer test

Answer 12

PCL
sitting on their foot, knee flexed
hands on condyles to feel as fingers pull tib and fib out

Question 13

medial/lateral rotation of tibio-femoral joint

Answer 13

supine, hands behind condyles apply medial or lateral rotation by oscillating tib and fib
can use as a mob
medial rotation is important to gives play in EOR flexion, ad lateral same in extension.
can also do in WB, eg: one leg lunging on a box

Question 14

AP on sup tib-fib

Answer 14

thenar emminence on head of fib
supine, rolled towel under knee
careful of peroneal N.

Question 15

PA on sup tib-fib

Answer 15

prone push down on fibula head

Question 16

Single leg squat

Answer 16

w medial patellar glide
OR
activation of hip abd