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OSCEs > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

How do you start the examination?

A 
Wash hands
Introduction
Identification
Consent
Exposure
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2
Q

What is the exposure needed for a knee examination?

A

Pants or shorts

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3
Q

What do you look for (standing)?

A 
Valgus deformity (knock knees)
Valrus deformity (bow knees)
Genu recurvatum (hyperextension)
Flexion deformity
Swellings behind knee
Stance
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4
Q

What do you look for (supine)?

A 
Symmetry
Valgus/valrus
Rashes
Scars
Swelling
Muscle wasting
Patella displacement
Fixed flexion
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5
Q

What do you feel for?

A 
Temperature
Borders of patella (tenderness)
Behind the knee
Effusion test
Joint line and tibial tuberosity (90) (tenderness)
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6
Q

Where do you assess temperature?

A

Mid thigh
Patella (cooler)
Upper tibia

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7
Q

What are you feeling for in popliteal region?

A

Swellings

Cysts

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8
Q

How do you assess for effusion?

A

Patella tap

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9
Q

How do you assess ROM?

A 
Active flexion (135) and extension (0)
Passive movement (max flexion)
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10
Q

What do you feel for during passive ROM?

A

Crepitus

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11
Q

What are the special tests?

A

Posterior sag
Anterior draw
Lateral collateral ligament
Medial collateral ligament

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12
Q

How do you test for posterior sag?

What does it mean?

A

Flex knee to 90
Observe for step below the patella
PCL damage

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13
Q

How do you test for anterior draw?

What does it mean?

A

Flex knee to 90
Stabilise leg with forearm (impossible?!)
Pull towards you from behind knee
ACL damage if significant movement

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14
Q

How do you test the lateral collat?

A

Flex knee to 20
Grasp heel with one hand
Exert pressure to medial aspect of knee
Lateral gaping is positive

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15
Q

How do you test the medial collat?

A

Flex knee to 20
Grasp heel with one hand
Exert pressure to lateral aspect of knee
Medial gaping is positive

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16
Q

How do you assess function?

A

Ask patient to walk

17
Q

What do you look at on function test?

A 
Toeing angle (laterally 15 is normal)
Painful gait?
18
Q

What would you do to complete the examination?

A

Examine hip foot and ankle

Neuro and vasc exam

19
Q

How do you finish?

A

Thank patient
Ask to redress
Wash hands
Present

20
Q

What is McMurray’s test for?

A

Assess whether a torn meniscus is present

21
Q

How do you perform McMurray’s test?

A

Flex hip to 90 and knee fully
Externally rotate the knee (repeat internally)
Gradually extend the knee
Palpable, audible painful click is positive

OSCEs (13 decks)

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