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OSCEs > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

What do you start the examination with?

A

Wash hands
Introduce yourself
Identification
Consent patient

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2
Q

What exposure of the patient do you need?

A

Waist up

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3
Q

What might you look for on general inspection of the bedside?

A 
GTN spray
Meds/drips
Oxygen
Mobility aids
Catheter
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4
Q

What 9 things do you look for on inspection of the hands?

A 
Tar staining
Temperature
Sweating
Pallor of palmar creases
Peripheral cyanosis
Clubbing
Splinter haemorrhages
Oslers nodes/janeway lesions
Tendon Xanthomas
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5
Q

How do you assess radial pulse?

A

Take both simultaneously

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6
Q

What are you assessing in the radial pulse?

A

Rate and rythm

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7
Q

What do you assess in the brachial pulse?

A

Character and volume

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8
Q

How do you perform the test for a waterhammer pulse?

A

Sharply raise patients arm and feel for tapping through the muscle bulk of the forearm

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9
Q

What do you assess in the carotid pulse?

A

Character and volume (both sides)

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10
Q

What 3 cardiac signs do you look for in the eyes?

A

Subconjunctival pallor
Corneal arcus
Xanthelasma

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11
Q

What is a general cardiac sign of the face?

A

Malar flush (mitral stenosis)

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12
Q

What 3 cardiac signs do you look for in the mouth or lips?

A

Central cyanosis
Dental caries
High arched palate

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13
Q

What is a high arched palate indicative of?

A

Marfan’s

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14
Q

How do you check for a raised jvp?

A

Position patient and look for fluttering pulsation 2-4cm above the sternal angle

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15
Q

What do you look for on inspection of the precordium

A

Sternotomy scar
Severe pectus excavatum
Severe kyphoscoliosis
Visible cardiac pulsation

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16
Q

What do you do on palpation?

A

Palpate the apex beat
Parasternal heaves
Thrills

17
Q

What areas correspond to the different valves?

A 
A = 2nd intercostal left of sternum
P = 2nd intercostal right of sternum
T = 5th intercostal right of sternum
M = 5th intercostal midclavicular
18
Q

How do you listen for mitral incompetence?

A

Auscultate the axilla

19
Q

How do you listen for mitral regurgitation?

A

Auscultate the apex with the bell with patient rolled 45 to the left

20
Q

How do you listen for aortic regurgitation?

A

Sit the patient forward and auscultate 4th/5th intercostal space on left (full expiration)

21
Q

What else should you do with the patient sat forward?

A

Assess for sacral oedema

Auscultate lung bases

22
Q

Where do systolic murmurs radiate to?

A

The carotids (bell)

23
Q

What test should be done if ascites is suspected?

A

Shifting dullness

24
Q

What other thing should you check for?

A

Pitting oedema of the ankles

25
Q

What do you state you would test?

A 
Femoral pulses
Blood presure in both arms
Lying and standing blood pressure
Opthalmoscopy (hypertensive retanopathy)
12 lead ECG
26
Q

How would you finish the exam

A

Thank patient
Redress
Wash hands
Report

OSCEs (13 decks)

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