Knee

Question 1

Normal Q angle

Answer 1

15 degrees

Question 2

Q angle is measured between what two straight lines?

Answer 2

ASIS to center of patella

Tibial tuberosity to center of patella

Question 3

Posture with knees close together and feet father apart

Answer 3

Genu valgum

Question 4

Posture where legs appear bowed with feet together

Answer 4

Genu varus

Question 5

Posture seen from a lateral view, where knee has a backward curvature

Answer 5

Genu recurvatum

Question 6

4 Ligamentous structures of the knee

Answer 6

Posterior cruciate
Anterior cruciate

Medial collateral
Lateral collateral

Question 7

Cartilaginous structures of knee

Answer 7

Anterior and posterior horns

Articular cartilage between

Medial and lateral menisci

Question 8

Bursae assocated with knee joint

Answer 8

Suprapatellar

Prepatellar

Superficial infrapatellar

Infrapatellar

Question 9

Knee flexion ROM

Answer 9

145-150

Question 10

Knee ROM extension

Answer 10

0

Question 11

Internal/external rotation of knee = accessory motion of tibia/fibula complex on femur

What is the ROM?

Answer 11

10 degrees

Question 12

What muscles and nerve support knee flexion?

Answer 12

Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

Tibial n., L4-5, S1-3

Question 13

What muscles and nerve support knee extension?

Answer 13

Quadriceps femoris (RF, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius)

Femoral n., L2-4

Question 14

Patellar reflexes are associated with what nerve root?

Answer 14

Primarily L4 (L2-4)

Question 15

What dermatomes are associated with neurologic testing of the knee?

Answer 15

L3-5, S1-2

Question 16

Valgus stress testing assesses which knee ligament?

Answer 16

Medial collateral (MCL)

Question 17

Varus stress testing assesses which knee ligament?

Answer 17

Lateral collateral (LCL)

Question 18

If varus and valgus stress testing yield 0 degrees, what is the possible issue?

Answer 18

Joint capsule, not the ligament

Question 19

What tests assess knee anterior stability via the ACL?

Answer 19

Anterior drawer

Lachman’s

Question 20

What tests assess knee posterior stability via PCL?

Answer 20

Posterior drawer

Reverse lachman’s

Question 21

What does McMurray’s test assess?

Answer 21

Medial and lateral meniscus

[via internal rotation with varus stress, then into extension; then external rotation with valgus stress and into extension]

Question 22

What is Apley’s grind test?

Answer 22

Compression combined with internal and external rotation - tests meniscal injury

Distraction combined with internal and external rotation - tests collateral ligamentous injury

Question 23

What patellar test has you place thumbs against medial aspect of patella and push laterally?

Answer 23

Laxity test

Question 24

If during the laxity test, your patient has instability AND pain, you also have a positive ________ test

Answer 24

Apprehension

Question 25

What are the tests for assessing patellar cartilage?

Answer 25

Compression (grind) test (pain with compression + movement of patella)

Patella-femoral grinding (includes quad activation, indicative of inflammation, chondromalacia, or injury to patellar articular surfaces)

Glide test (flex and extend knee noting crepitus, pain or catching)

Question 26

What is the term for cartilage degeneration and/or softening?

Answer 26

Chondromalacia

Question 27

What are some overuse injuries of the knee?

Answer 27

IT band syndrome (+/- bursitis)

Patellar tendonitis (jumper’s knee)

Quadriceps tendonitis

Osgood-Schlatter disease (avulsion of secondary ossification center of tibial tubercle)