Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Q angle

A

15 degrees

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2
Q

Q angle is measured between what two straight lines?

A

ASIS to center of patella

Tibial tuberosity to center of patella

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3
Q

Posture with knees close together and feet father apart

A

Genu valgum

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4
Q

Posture where legs appear bowed with feet together

A

Genu varus

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5
Q

Posture seen from a lateral view, where knee has a backward curvature

A

Genu recurvatum

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6
Q

4 Ligamentous structures of the knee

A

Posterior cruciate
Anterior cruciate

Medial collateral
Lateral collateral

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7
Q

Cartilaginous structures of knee

A

Anterior and posterior horns

Articular cartilage between

Medial and lateral menisci

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8
Q

Bursae assocated with knee joint

A

Suprapatellar

Prepatellar

Superficial infrapatellar

Infrapatellar

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9
Q

Knee flexion ROM

A

145-150

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10
Q

Knee ROM extension

A

0

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11
Q

Internal/external rotation of knee = accessory motion of tibia/fibula complex on femur

What is the ROM?

A

10 degrees

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12
Q

What muscles and nerve support knee flexion?

A

Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

Tibial n., L4-5, S1-3

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13
Q

What muscles and nerve support knee extension?

A

Quadriceps femoris (RF, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius)

Femoral n., L2-4

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14
Q

Patellar reflexes are associated with what nerve root?

A

Primarily L4 (L2-4)

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15
Q

What dermatomes are associated with neurologic testing of the knee?

A

L3-5, S1-2

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16
Q

Valgus stress testing assesses which knee ligament?

A

Medial collateral (MCL)

17
Q

Varus stress testing assesses which knee ligament?

A

Lateral collateral (LCL)

18
Q

If varus and valgus stress testing yield 0 degrees, what is the possible issue?

A

Joint capsule, not the ligament

19
Q

What tests assess knee anterior stability via the ACL?

A

Anterior drawer

Lachman’s

20
Q

What tests assess knee posterior stability via PCL?

A

Posterior drawer

Reverse lachman’s

21
Q

What does McMurray’s test assess?

A

Medial and lateral meniscus

[via internal rotation with varus stress, then into extension; then external rotation with valgus stress and into extension]

22
Q

What is Apley’s grind test?

A

Compression combined with internal and external rotation - tests meniscal injury

Distraction combined with internal and external rotation - tests collateral ligamentous injury

23
Q

What patellar test has you place thumbs against medial aspect of patella and push laterally?

A

Laxity test

24
Q

If during the laxity test, your patient has instability AND pain, you also have a positive ________ test

A

Apprehension

25
Q

What are the tests for assessing patellar cartilage?

A

Compression (grind) test (pain with compression + movement of patella)

Patella-femoral grinding (includes quad activation, indicative of inflammation, chondromalacia, or injury to patellar articular surfaces)

Glide test (flex and extend knee noting crepitus, pain or catching)

26
Q

What is the term for cartilage degeneration and/or softening?

A

Chondromalacia

27
Q

What are some overuse injuries of the knee?

A

IT band syndrome (+/- bursitis)

Patellar tendonitis (jumper’s knee)

Quadriceps tendonitis

Osgood-Schlatter disease (avulsion of secondary ossification center of tibial tubercle)