Ankle/foot

Question 1

Medial bony landmarks of the foot

Answer 1

First MTP
Navicular
Cuneiform
Talar head
Medial malleolus
Deltoid ligament
Medial longitudinal arch

Question 2

Lateral bony landmarks of the foot

Answer 2

5th MTP
5th metatarsal with styloid process
Cuboid
Calcaneous
Lateral malleolus

Question 3

What are the 2 pulses associated with the ankle/foot?

Answer 3

Dorsalis pedis

Posterior tibial

Question 4

What is a circulation test that can be done on the foot?

Answer 4

Cap refill time (should be 2-3 sec)

[can also look for edema and cyanosis]

Question 5

Forefoot adduction and abduction are associated with what 2 joints?

Answer 5

Talonavicular joint

Calcaneocuboid joints

Question 6

Inversion and eversion of the foot are associated with what joints?

Answer 6

Talocalcaneal joint

Talonavicular joint

Calcanecuboid joint

Question 7

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are associated with what bones of the lower leg and foot?

Answer 7

Talus, tibia, and fibula

Question 8

What are 3 methods of foot/ankle strength testing?

Answer 8

AROM + resistance

Toe walk

Heel walk

Question 9

What test is used in diabetic patients to assess sensation in the feet?

Answer 9

Monofilament testing

Question 10

What dermatomes are associated with the foot?

Answer 10

L4-5, S1

Question 11

What reflex is used to assess neurologic function about the foot/ankle?

Answer 11

Achilles tendon reflex

Question 12

What ligament is tested by the anterior drawer test of the foot/ankle?

Answer 12

Anterior talofibular ligament

[grasp calcaneous with one hand and tib/fib with other; move calcaneous anterior while stabilizing tib/fib]

Question 13

What is a positive anterior drawer test?

Answer 13

Pain (sprain) or gapping (tear)

Question 14

What ligament is tested by the talar tilt?

Answer 14

Calcaneofibular ligament

[grasp calcaneous and tib/fib to isolate talus; gently invert]

Question 15

What ligament is tested by the eversion test?

Answer 15

Deltoid ligament

[grasp midfoot and tib/fib to isolate talus; gently evert/pronate foot]

Question 16

What is the squeeze test?

Answer 16

Squeeze tibia and fibula just proximal to ankle, rapid release, pain indicates high ankle sprain

Indicative of high ankle sprain or syndesmosis injury!

Question 17

What is the cross leg test?

Answer 17

Cross affected leg onto opposite knee

Positive test if pain –> high ankle sprain

Question 18

What is the thompson test?

Answer 18

With patient’s foot prone off the table, squeeze calf

Absence of plantar flexion –> Achilles tendon rupture!

Question 19

What is homan’s sign?

Answer 19

Forcible dorsiflexion of foot + knee extended, pain indicates DVT

Question 20

What is Moses sign?

Answer 20

Patient supine, induce anterior compression of gastrocnemius

If pain with anterior compression –> more specific to posterior tibial vein DVT

Question 21

What is the most common type of ankle sprain: inversion or eversion and why?

Answer 21

Inversion

[ligaments involves: ANTERIOR TALOFIBULAR, calcaneofibular, posterior talofibular]

Question 22

An eversion and rotation injury in dorsiflexion of the foot would lead to what type of ankle sprain?

Answer 22

High ankle sprain, involving anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament and sydnesmosis

Question 23

T/F: plantar fasciitis is related to heel spurs

Answer 23

False, no relationship with heel spurs

Question 24

What is the term for inflammation and thickening of the tissue that surrounds the nerve between the toes, and patient reports the sensation of walking on a marble?

Answer 24

Morton’s neuroma

Question 25

What is the condition caused by hyperextension of great toe causing damage to joint capsule; severe cases can damage sesamoids and flexor tendon?

Answer 25

Turf toe