Ankle/foot Flashcards
Medial bony landmarks of the foot
First MTP Navicular Cuneiform Talar head Medial malleolus Deltoid ligament Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral bony landmarks of the foot
5th MTP 5th metatarsal with styloid process Cuboid Calcaneous Lateral malleolus
What are the 2 pulses associated with the ankle/foot?
Dorsalis pedis
Posterior tibial
What is a circulation test that can be done on the foot?
Cap refill time (should be 2-3 sec)
[can also look for edema and cyanosis]
Forefoot adduction and abduction are associated with what 2 joints?
Talonavicular joint
Calcaneocuboid joints
Inversion and eversion of the foot are associated with what joints?
Talocalcaneal joint
Talonavicular joint
Calcanecuboid joint
Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are associated with what bones of the lower leg and foot?
Talus, tibia, and fibula
What are 3 methods of foot/ankle strength testing?
AROM + resistance
Toe walk
Heel walk
What test is used in diabetic patients to assess sensation in the feet?
Monofilament testing
What dermatomes are associated with the foot?
L4-5, S1
What reflex is used to assess neurologic function about the foot/ankle?
Achilles tendon reflex
What ligament is tested by the anterior drawer test of the foot/ankle?
Anterior talofibular ligament
[grasp calcaneous with one hand and tib/fib with other; move calcaneous anterior while stabilizing tib/fib]
What is a positive anterior drawer test?
Pain (sprain) or gapping (tear)
What ligament is tested by the talar tilt?
Calcaneofibular ligament
[grasp calcaneous and tib/fib to isolate talus; gently invert]
What ligament is tested by the eversion test?
Deltoid ligament
[grasp midfoot and tib/fib to isolate talus; gently evert/pronate foot]
What is the squeeze test?
Squeeze tibia and fibula just proximal to ankle, rapid release, pain indicates high ankle sprain
Indicative of high ankle sprain or syndesmosis injury!
What is the cross leg test?
Cross affected leg onto opposite knee
Positive test if pain –> high ankle sprain
What is the thompson test?
With patient’s foot prone off the table, squeeze calf
Absence of plantar flexion –> Achilles tendon rupture!
What is homan’s sign?
Forcible dorsiflexion of foot + knee extended, pain indicates DVT
What is Moses sign?
Patient supine, induce anterior compression of gastrocnemius
If pain with anterior compression –> more specific to posterior tibial vein DVT
What is the most common type of ankle sprain: inversion or eversion and why?
Inversion
[ligaments involves: ANTERIOR TALOFIBULAR, calcaneofibular, posterior talofibular]
An eversion and rotation injury in dorsiflexion of the foot would lead to what type of ankle sprain?
High ankle sprain, involving anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament and sydnesmosis
T/F: plantar fasciitis is related to heel spurs
False, no relationship with heel spurs
What is the term for inflammation and thickening of the tissue that surrounds the nerve between the toes, and patient reports the sensation of walking on a marble?
Morton’s neuroma
