Knee Flashcards
Name the 3 joints at the KNEE JOINT
Tibio-Femoral Joint
Patellofemoral Joint
Superior Tibio-Fibular Joint
What type of joint is the Tibiofemoral Joint?
Synovial Bicondylar Modified Hinge Joint
Where is the Tibiofemoral Joint Line?
The Tibiofemoral joint line is a horizontal line that bisects midway between the apex of the patella and the tibial tuberosity.
What are the articular surfaces of the TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT ?
Femoral Condyle
Tibial Condyle
What type of joint is the Patellofemoral Joint?
Synovial Saddle Joint
Where is the Patellofemoral Joint line?
The Patellofemoral joint line is along the anterior surface of the patella.
What are the articular surfaces of the Patellofemoral joint?
Patella
Femoral Head
What type of joint is the Superior Tibio-Fibular Joint?
Synovial Plane Joint
Where is the Superior Tibio-fibular joint line?
The Superior Tibio-fibular joint line runs inferiomedially from the APEX of the fibular head.
What are the articular surfaces of the Superior Tibiofibular Joint ?
Head of Fibula
Tibial Lateral Condyle
What are the ligaments of the Superior Tibiofibular Joint?
Anterior Ligament of Fibular Head
Posterior Ligament of Fibular Head
What are the main ligaments of the KNEE?
ACL - Anterior Cruciate Ligament
PCL - Posterior Cruciate Ligament
MCL - Medial Collateral Ligament
LCL - Lateral Collateral Ligament
Describe the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
The ACL is situated at the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia
The ACL runs posteriorly, laterally and superiorly
Describe the Posterior Cruciate ligament (PCL)
The PCL is located at the posterior part of the intercondylar area of the tibia
The PCL runs anteriorly, medially and superiorly
Describe the Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
The MCL is a broad, flat ligament
The MCL is fan shaped
The MCL is approximately 10 cm long
The MCL is attached to the medial epicondyle of femur
Describe the LATERAL COLLATERAL ligament
The LCL is a strong rounded cord
The LCL’s PROXIMAL attachment is the lateral femoral epicondyle
The LCL’s DISTAL attachment is the apex of the head of Fibula
Describe the articular surfaces of the proximal tibia (Tibial Articular Surface)
The articular surface of the Proximal Tibia is:
Concave centrally
Flatter Peripherally
Covered with semi-lunar cartilages
Medial Tibial Condyle projects further antero-posteriorly to accommodate the femoral Condyle
Covered in articular cartilage
Describe the articular surfaces of the distal femur (Femoral Articular Surface)
The articular surface of the Distal Femur is:
Convex antero-posteriorly and medio-laterally
Lateral Condyle is shorter and wider
Medial Condyle projects more distally
Lateral Condyle projects more anteriorly
Covered in articular cartilage
Describe the Medial Meniscus
Medial Meniscus:
‘C’ shaped
The Medial Meniscus has 2 Horns
Anterior Horn: intercondylar area + ACL, transverse and coronary ligaments
Posterior Horn: PCL + posterior horn of lateral meniscus, Blends with capsule & medial collateral ligament
Medial Meniscus is narrower and thinner
Medial meniscus is less mobile and more easily damaged
Describe the Lateral Meniscus
The Lateral Meniscus is:
‘O’ shaped
It has 2 horns:
Anterior Horn - anterior intercondylar eminence posterior to ACL
Posterior Horn - Posterior intercondylar area, anterior to posterior horn of medial meniscus
What are the functions of the Mensicus?
The functions of the Meniscus are:
Enhances Tibio-femoral joint stability by deepening tibial anterior surface.
Acts as shock absorbers
Conforms to changing shape of femoral condyles during knee movement
NB:
Outer borders thick and vascular
Inner borders thin and vascular
Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: KNEE FLEXION
PRIME MOVER: Hamstrings
Bicep Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Sartoruis
Popliteus
Gastrocnemuis
Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: KNEE EXTENSION
PRIME MOVER: Rectus Femoris
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Lateralis
Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: KNEE INTERNAL ROTATION
PRIME MOVER: Medial Rotators (of tibia on femur)
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Sartoruis
Popliteus
Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: KNEE EXTERNAL ROTATION
PRIME MOVER: Lateral Rotators (of tibia on femur)
Bicep Femoris
What is the NERVE SUPPLY at the KNEE during movement?
FLEXION - Sciatic & Tibial
EXTENSION - Femoral
INTERNAL ROTATION - Sciatic & Tibial
EXTERNAL ROTATION - Sciatic
What are the limitations (limiting factors) to movement at the KNEE JOINT?
Soft tissue apposition
Tension in antagonists
Ligaments (Extension fo the KNEE)
What is the ROM during KNEE FLEXION?
135 degrees
What is the ROM during KNEE EXTENSION?
0 degrees
(- 5) degrees - HYPEREXTENSION
What is the ROM during KNEE INTERNAL ROTATION ? (during 90 degrees flexion)
20 - 30 degrees
What is the ROM during KNEE EXTERNAL ROTATION ?
(in 90 degree flexion)
30 - 40 degrees
