Foot and Ankle

Question 1

Name the 4/(5) Joints of the ANKLE

Answer 1

Superior Tibio-Fibular Joint
Inferior Tibio-Fibular Joint
Talocrural Joint (ankle joint)
Subtalar Joint

Midtarsal Joints - Talocalcaneonavicular
Calcaneocuboid

Question 2

What type of joint is the Superior Tibio-Fibular Joint?

Answer 2

Synovial Plane Joint

Question 3

What are the articular surfaces of the Superior Tibio-Fibular Joint?

Answer 3

Head of the Fibular
Tibial-Lateral condyle

Question 4

What are the ligaments of Superior Tibio-Fibular Joint?

Answer 4

Anterior and Posterior Ligaments of the Fibular Head

Question 5

What type of joint is the Inferior Tibio-Fibular Joint?

Answer 5

Fibrous Syndesmosis Joint

Question 6

What are the articular surfaces of the Inferior Tibio-Fibula joint?

Answer 6

Medial Aspect of Fibula
Fibular notch on the lateral aspect of Tibia

Question 7

What are the ligaments of the Inferior Tibio-Fibular Joint?

Answer 7

Anterior Inferior Ligament
Posterior Inferior Ligament
Transverse Tibio-Fibular Ligament

Question 8

What type of joint is the Talocrural joint (ankle joint)?

Answer 8

Uniaxial Joint

Question 9

What is the term for ‘neutral position in standing’ ?

Answer 9

Plantigrade

Question 10

What type of joint is the Subtalar Joint?

Answer 10

Synovial Plane (modified saddle)

Question 11

What are the articular surfaces of the Subtalar Joint?

Answer 11

Talus articulates with the Calcaneus

Question 12

What term is used to describe the Mid-Tarsal Joints?

Answer 12

‘S’ shaped

Question 13

What are the ‘2’ Mid Tarsal joints?

Answer 13

Talocalcaneonavicular
Calcalneocuboid

Question 14

Name the 4 joints of the FOOT

Answer 14

TMT - tarsometatarsal
MTP - Metatarsalphalangeal
PIP - Proximal interphalangeal
DIP - distal interphalangeal

Question 15

What type of joint is the TMT joint?

Answer 15

Synovial Plane Joint

Question 16

What type of Joint is the MTP joint?

Answer 16

Synovial Ellipsoid Joint

Question 17

What type of joints are the PIP & DIP joints?

Answer 17

Synovial Hinge joints

Question 18

What are the MEDIAL ligaments of the ANKLE joint?

Answer 18

Tibiocalcaneal Ligament
Tibionavicular Ligament
Anterior Tibiotalar Ligament
Posterior Tibiotalar Ligament
Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament

Question 19

What are the LATERAL ligaments of the ANKLE joint?

Answer 19

Calcaneofibular ligament
Anterior Talofibular ligament
Posterior Talofibular Ligament

Question 20

What are the FUNCTIONS of the FOOT & ANKLE?

Answer 20

Stable base of support
Absorbs shock of body weight
Allows adjustment of line of gravity
important role in sensation/ proprioception / balance
Conforms the foot to irregular terrain
Provides propulsion & restraint in walking
Provides a rigid lever for push-off

Question 21

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: ANKLE DORSIFLEXION

Answer 21

PRIME MOVER: Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Peroneus Tertius

Question 22

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXION

Answer 22

PRIME MOVER: Gastrocnemius / Soleus
Tibialis Posterior
Peroneus Longus & Brevis
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Flexor Digitorum Longus

Question 23

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: (ANKLE) INVERSION

Answer 23

PRIME MOVER: Tibialis Anterior & Tibialis Posterior
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus

Question 24

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: (ANKLE) EVERSION

Answer 24

PRIME MOVER: Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis
Peroneus Tertius

Question 25

What is the ROM in ANKLE DORSIFLEXION?

Answer 25

20-30 degrees when knee is EXTENDED 35 degrees when the knee is FLEXED

Question 26

What limits the ANKLE during movement: DORSIFLEXION?

Answer 26

Tension in antagonists Ligaments - Calcaneofibular ligament

Question 27

What is the ROM in ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXION?

Answer 27

50 degrees

Question 28

What limits movement during ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXION?

Answer 28

Tension in antagonists Ligaments - Anterior Talofibular Ligament

Question 29

What is the ROM during ANKLE INVERSION?

Answer 29

45 -60 degrees (Greater in plantar flexion)

Question 30

What limits movement during ANKLE INVERSION?

Answer 30

Ligament - Dorsal Talonavicular ligament

Question 31

What is the ROM during ANKLE EVERSION?

Answer 31

15-30 degrees

Question 32

What limits movement during ANKLE EVERSION?

Answer 32

Impact of Talus on floor of Sinus Tarsi Ligament - Plantar Calcaneocuboid

Question 33

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: FOOT FLEXION

Answer 33

PRIME MOVERS: Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis The Lumbricals The Interossei Assisted by: Flexor Digitorum Accessoruis

Question 34

What is the ROM during FOOT FLEXION?

Answer 34

40 degrees 45 degrees (GREAT TOE)

Question 35

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: FOOT EXTENSION

Answer 35

PRIME MOVERS: Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Hallucis Longus (GREAT TOE)

Question 36

What is the ROM during FOOT EXTENSION?

Answer 36

40 degrees 70 degrees (GREAT TOE)

Question 37

What limits movement during FOOT EXTENSION?

Answer 37

Plantar ligaments

Question 38

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: FOOT ABDUCTION (foot in plantigrade)

Answer 38

PRIME MOVERS: Abductor Hallucis ADM - Abductor Digit Minimi Dorsal Interossei (2nd, 3rd, & 4th) toes

Question 39

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: FOOT ADDUCTION (foot in PLANTIGRADE)

Answer 39

PRIME MOVERS: Adductor Hallucis Plantar Interossei (3rd, 4th & 5th) toes

Question 40

What limits movement during FOOT ADDUCTION?

Answer 40

Apposition of soft tissue

Question 41

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: TOE FLEXION (Interphalangeal)

Answer 41

PRIME MOVERS: Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Digitorum Brevis Assisted By: Flexor Digitorum Accessorius

Question 42

What is the ROM during TOE FLEXION?

Answer 42

PIP - 35 degrees DIP - 60 degrees IP (GREAT TOE) - 90 degrees

Question 43

Name the PRIME MOVER and list the muscles involved in the movement: TOE EXTENSION (Interphalangeal)

Answer 43

PRIME MOVERS: Extensor Hallucis Longus Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Assisted By: The Lumbricals

Question 44

What is the ROM during TOE EXTENSION?

Answer 44

PIP - 0 degrees DIP - 30 degrees IP ( GREAT TOE) - 0 degrees

Question 45

What limits movement during TOE EXTENSION?

Answer 45

Tension in antagonists Plantar Ligaments