Knee

Question 1

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Answer 1

prevent tibia move towards femur (weight bear)
prevent tibia move away from femur (non weight bear)
- anteriorly medial on tibia, post lateral on femur

Question 2

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Answer 2

prevents femur from sliding off tibia
- anterior lateral on tibia, posterior medial on femur

Question 3

Meniscus Functions

Answer 3

• Stabilize joint by deepening the articulation
• Shock absorption
• lubrication and nourishment
• Improve weight distribution
• has poor blood supply (outer (more) -> inner (less))

Question 4

Function of the Popliteus in the knee

Answer 4

“unlocks” the knee allowing knee to flex

Question 5

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) grade 1 sprain

Answer 5

• due to severe blow on lateral side (valgus force)
• little fiber tearing or stretched
• stable valgus test; relatively normal ROM
• stiffness and tender

-RICE 24 hours; maybe crutches; up to 3 weeks
- RTP when it returns to normal

Question 6

MCL grade 2 sprain

Answer 6

• due to severe blow on lateral side (valgus force)
• complete tear of deep capsular ligament and slight tear of superficial capsular ligament
• laxity 5-15 degrees of flexion
• moderate to severe tightness, decreased ROM
• pain medially
• RICE 48-72 hrs; brace or casting maybe
• crutches until acute phase gone
• modalities 2-3x per day
• progress from isometrics to isokinetic

Question 7

MCL grade 3 sprain

Answer 7

• due to severe blow on lateral side (valgus force)
• complete tear of supporting ligaments and medial stability
• min to mod swelling, pain and ache
• loss of motion
• positive valgus test
• RICE
• progressive weight bear over 4-6wks w brace
• similar rehab to grade 1, 2

Question 8

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) sprain

Answer 8

• varus force w tibial internal rotation
• enough force can damage cruciate ligaments, ITB
• pain, tender, swell, effusion around LCL
• may irritate peroneal nerve
• same rehab as MCL

Question 9

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) sprain

Answer 9

• tibia externally rotated and valgus force at the knee (lateral)
• inability to decelerate valgus and rotational stresses
• “pop”, pain, disability
• positive anterior drawer
• rapid swelling at joint line
• RICE, crutches
• maybe surgery
• bracing of some sort; 4-6mo rehab

Question 10

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) sprain

Answer 10

• Falling on bent knee, direct force to front of knee, rotational forces
• pop in back of knee
• tender and swell in popliteal fossa
• laxity w post sag test
• RICE
• ROM after 6wks and PRE after 4mo