Foot

Question 1

Rearfoot or Hindfoot Joints

Answer 1

1. Tibiofibular
   ○ “high” ankle
2. Talocrural joints
   ○ Mortise at talar trochlea
3. Subtalar joint
   ○ Provides the motions of pronation & supination (key in walking) and eversion & inversion/adduction & abduction
   ○ Gives stability and contains all the blood supply

Question 2

Midfoot Joints

Answer 2

• Composed of six separate joints

Question 3

Forefoot Joints

Answer 3

• Composed of four joints

Question 4

Arches of the Foot

Answer 4

○ Medial longitudinal arch
○ Lateral longitudinal arch
○ Transverse arch
○ Metatarsal arch

Question 5

Heel Contusion

Answer 5

E:
caused by sudden starts/stops , changes of direction, irritation of fat pad
S/S:
Severe pain in heel and is unable to withstand stress of weight bearing
Often warmth and redness over the tender area
M:
Reduce weight bearing for 24 hours, RICE and NSAID’s
Resume activity with heel cup or doughnut pad after pain has subsided

Question 6

pes planus foot

Answer 6

Flatfoot
E:
excessive pronation and forefoot varus, wearing tight shoes, being overweight, excessive exercise placing stress on arch
S/S:
Severe pain in heel and is unable to withstand stress of weight bearing
Often warmth and redness over the tender area
M:
- don’t fix unless its a problem
- fix w orthotics

Question 7

pes cavus foot

Answer 7

High-arched foot
E:
- associated with excessive supination , accentuated high medial longitudinal arch
S/S:
- Poor shock absorber
- Metatarsalgia , foot pain, clawed or hammer toes; stress fractures
forefoot valgus , shortening of Achilles and plantar fascia; heavy callus development on ball and heel of foot
M:
- only correct if need to, with orthotics

Question 8

Morton’s Toe

Answer 8

E:
- Short 1st metatarsal, making 2nd toe look longer
- More weight bearing occurs on 2nd toe
- Stress fracture could develop
S/S:
- Stress fractures
- Bone scan positive
- Callus development under 2nd metatarsal head
M:
- Only treat if pain, if needed orthotics with a medial wedge would be helpful

Question 9

Longitudinal Arch Strain

Answer 9

E:
- Caused by increased stress on arch

S/S:
-pain w run/jump below post tib tendon, ache and swell
- sprained calcaneonavicular ligament and flexor hallus longus strain

M:
- RICE; reduce weight bear; arch tape

Question 10

Plantar Fasciitis

Answer 10

E:
increase tension and stress on fascia, poor running technique, poor footwear, excessive pronation or leg length discrepancy
S/S:
Pain in ant. medial heel, along medial longitudinal arch
M:
Orthotics, simple arch tape, massage

Question 11

Hallux Valgus Deformity

Answer 11

Bunion
E:
footwear, genetics, excessive pronation
Bunionette impacts 5th metatarsal
S/S:
- tender, swelling, enlargement of joint
- inflammation increase so does pain
- tendonitis in great toes
M:
- form fitting shoes w orthotics
- surgery

Question 12

sesamoiditis

Answer 12

E:
- repetitive hyperext of great toe

S/S:
- pain under toe on push off
- palpable tenderness under 1st metatarsal head

M:
- orthotics; metatarsal pads; decrease activity

Question 13

sprained toes

Answer 13

E:
- Generally caused by kicking non-yielding object
- push beyond normal ROM or twisting motion

S/S:
- immediate and intense short lived pain
- swelling and discoloration 1-2 days
- stiffness and residual for few weeks

M:
- RICE, buddy taping
- begin bear weight

Question 14

Overlapping Toes

Answer 14

E:
- congenital or inapprop foot wear

S/S
- outward projection of great toe articulation or drop in longitudinal arch

M:
- surgery
- whirlpool baths for pain
- taping