KMT Flashcards
What did Jiang do to maintain control of the populace?
Through several cliques and factions
- Family (Soong family, allowed JJS to emphasize his close relationship with SYX)
- Huangpu (secret society called Blue Shirts)
- Political Study (financial investors and right-wing GMD)
- CC (named after Chen brothers Lifu and Guofu, most powerful backers, Lifu started an intel organization, because JJS needs ‘two sets of eyes and ears’
What internal issues did the GMD face?
Disobedient and tyrannical provincial minsters
- behaved like warlords
- kept large armies
- tried to remain autonomous
To subdue the rebels
- 23 campiagns to subdue rebellious provinces
- Bribery
Nanjing only held control over 4 provinces: Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi
Financial issues
- income tax was difficult to enforce
- provincial leaders pocketed and imposes taxes as they wished
- inflation
- excessive taxation (44 different taxes)
Corruption and laziness
- Control Yuan recieved 69500 reports, only 268 were found at fault, and only 13 were sacked (1931-1937)
WHat was the extent of the threat from foreign power?
How did the Japanese encroachment affect foreign powers?
When the Lytton Commission released a report criticizing Japan’s actions, Japan responded by leaving the United Nations
What was the Guandong Army?
A Japanese army force stationed in Manchuria, who after the Mukden incident, occupied surrounding towns.
What was the Green Gang?
One of the most powerful crime syndicates in Shanghai
Who were the Soong family?
A wealthy and powerful family in China who had close ties with both SYX and JJS
What was the significance of the incidents in Mukden 1931 and Shanghai 1932?
The unauthorized attack on the railway on Mukden kicked started Japan’s assault on northern China, leading to the gradual annexation of Manchuria/ Manchukuo.
What was the New Life Movement and what social changes did it bring about?
NLM was a GMD campaign launched in 1934 to instill virtuousness and correct behavior into the Chinese people. Heavily inspired by Confucianism, Christianity and Fascism
Reverting to back more traditional values
Who were the Blue Shirts?
A brotherhood formed in Huangpu military academy, who swore loyalty to JJS, to advance his supreme leadership by all means necessary. They infiltrated military, police, banks and bureaucracy. By 1935 there were an estimated 14000 members. They assassinated anyone who posed a threat to JJS.
