GMD

Question 1

What was the Northern Expedition?

Answer 1

1 Jul 1926
It was a military campaign launched by the National Revolutionary Army of the GMD after JJS was elected as Chairman.

Question 2

What was the purpose of the Northern Expedition?

Answer 2

‘To protect the welfare of the people we must overthrow all warlords and wipe out reactionary power so that we may implement the 3 People’s Principles and complete the National Revolution’- JJS

Question 3

What advantage did the GMD army have over the warlord armies?

Answer 3

They had 85000 troops led by 6000 Huangpu officers. The advantages were:
- The warlords were divided and could not coordinate an attack on the GMD army
- Northern troops were often poorly trained, unlike the GMD troops
- JJS was advised by General Galen and his Soviet experts
- They had a good financial situation after appointing T.V. Soong as finance minister. He built up a silver reserve which brought stability and higher tax income.

Question 4

What was the announcement about the nation’s capital? Why was it changed?

Answer 4

Nanjing
JJS was kicked out of the GMD

Question 5

What was the Shanghai massacre?

Answer 5

Big-Ears Du and a 2000-man militia fanned through the streets of shanghai on 12 Apr morning, before rounding up and killing communists and union activists. Between 5000-100000 people were killed

Question 6

Why did Jiang fear the CCP?

Answer 6

They had significant influence over Shanghair’s workers, and these workers and strikers would outnumber his soldiers.

Question 7

Would Jiang be satisfied with the Northern Expedition outcome? Why?

Answer 7

Yes
He had consolidated power and united most of China under a nationalist banner, becoming:
-Chairman of the Central Executive Committee and State Council
-Secretary General of the GMD
-Head of the military council

Question 8

How did Jiang consolidate his control of China?

Answer 8

He struck a deal with Shanghai’s Green Gang and in exchange granted immunity from the law and exclusive rights to sell opium in Shanghai

Question 9

What were some indications that the GMD was successfully developing?

Answer 9

The success and consolidation of the GMD government through the Northern Expedition

Question 10

How did the Soviets get involved in the resurgence of the GMD?

Answer 10

• Sending Borodin and General Vasily to help reorganize the GMD, successfully reorganizing the organization by 20 Jan 1939
• Financed the Huangpu Military Academy (Soviet Russia)
• Communists (Chinese) rallied support from peasants and workers (United Front)

Question 11

What were the conditions of the agreement with the Soviets?

Answer 11

• National independence
• National Unity

Question 12

What does Jiang’s Rise to power suggest about his character?

Answer 12

Power hungry
opportunistic?

Question 13

What name was given to the cooperation between GMD and CCP?

Answer 13

The United Front

Question 14

What was the name of the military involvement in the arrangement?

Answer 14

Huangpu Military

Question 15

Who is Jiang Jieshi?

Answer 15

Was Sun Yixian’s top military man and head of the Huangpu Military Academy and later the chairman of the GMD

Question 16

How did the arrangement between the Comintern, the CCP, and the GMD suit all parties?

Answer 16

The CCP needed more reach as they were at the time relatively unknown so the collaboration with the more notable GMD helped spread their message.

The Comintern was hoping to usher in a Communist Revolution in China, so by assisting in first getting rid of the issues plaguing the country, they could follow through with their goals of international revolution

GMD was on its last legs and needed the funds and resources of the CCP and Comintern to help reorganise the organisation and provide funds for the military to retake General Chen’s territory