Klein Flashcards
Theory that emphasized the nurturing and loving
relationship between parent and child
Object relations theory
- psychic representations of
unconscious id instincts
Phantasies
- earliest object relations are
Mother’s breast
the hunger drive has the good
breast as its object, the sex drive has
Sexual organ as its object
are more than
internal thoughts about external
objects; they are fantasies of
internalizing the object in concrete
and physical terms
Introjected objects
ways of dealing with both internal and external objects; the dichotomy of their feelings
Position
way of organizing experiences that
includes both paranoid feelings of being
persecuted and a splitting of internal
and external objects into the good and
the bad
Paranoid-schizoid position
the feelings of anxiety over losing a
loved object coupled with a sense of
guilt for wanting to destroy that objec
Depressive position
infants fantasize taking into their
body those perceptions and
experiences that they have had with
the external object, originally the
mother’s breast
Introjection
the fantasy that one’s own feelings and
impulses actually reside in another
person and not within one’s body
Projection
keeping apart incompatible impulses
Splitting
- a psychic defense mechanism in which
infants split off unacceptable parts of
themselves, project them into another
object, and finally introject them back
into themselves in a changed or
distorted form
Projective identification
mean that the person takes in (introjects) aspects of the external world and organizes those introjections into a psychologically meaningful framework
Internalization
Focused on independence, how the child grows
entirely dependent being to one who is relatively
independent, both physically and psychologically
Margaret Mahler
(1897–1985)
meant that the
child becomes an individual separate
from his or her primary caregiver, an
accomplishment that leads ultimately
to a sense of identity
Psychological birth
internal process of
mental separation from the mother
Separation
developing selfconcept
Individuation
children become psychologically separated from
their mothers, achieve a sense of individuation, and begin to
develop feelings of personal identity
Separation individuation
emphasized the process by which the self evolves from a vague and undifferentiated image to a clear and precise sense of individual identity
Heinz Kohut
(1913–1981)
“the center of the
individual’s psychological universe
Self (according to Kohut)
refers to a person’s ability to maintain a
positive and stable sense of self-esteem, develop healthy
ambitions, and commit to meaningful tasks and projects.
Grandiosity axis
Idealization axis
refers to the development of a person’s
ability to form and maintain a stable system of goal-setting
ideals
refers to the development of a person’s ability to communicate feelings to significant others, form intimate relationships, and become part of larger groups and organizations
alter ego–connectedness axis
three cardinal self-object needs
Mirroring, Idealization, Twinship
is a need to be admired for one’s qualities and
accomplishments
Mirroring
is a need to form an idealized image of
significant others and to experience a sense of merging
with the resulting idealized selfobjects
Idealization
is a need to feel
similar to others and be
included in relationships
with them
Twinship
realized that object relations theory could be integrated with an evolutionary perspective
John Bowlby
(1907–1990)
when their caregiver is out of sight, infants
will cry, resist soothing by other people, and search for their caregiver
Protest stage
as separation
continues, infants become
quiet, sad, passive, listless, and
apathetic
Depair
during this
stage, infants become
emotionally detached from
other people, including their
caregiver
Detachment
She and her colleagues developed a technique for
measuring the type of attachment style that exists
between caregiver and infant, known as the Strange Situation.
Mary
Ainsworth
(1919–1999)
when their mother returns, infants are happy and enthusiastic and initiate contact
Secure attachment
– infants are ambivalent, when their mother leaves the room, they become unusually upset, and when their mother returns they seek contact with her but reject attempts at being soothed
Anxious-resistant
attachment style
infants stay calm when
their mother leaves; they accept the stranger,
and when their mother returns, they ignore
and avoid her
Anxious avoidant
child has random outbursts and periods of
unresponsiveness as well as spurts of sudden
emotion; unpredictable behavior
*Disorganized/Disoriented attachment
believe that young children express their conscious and unconscious wishes through play therapy
Play therapy
Aim of this theory is to reduce depressive anxieties and persecutory
fears and to mitigate the harshness of
internalized objects.
Kleinian theory
