Kingdoms of Life Flashcards
What are the 5 Kingdoms of Life?
Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protoctists, Bacteria
Animals, Plants, Fungi and Protoctists are all what?
Eukaryotes, this means they are made up of eukaryotic cells.
What is a key feature of Prokaryotes?
Prokaryotic Organisms do not have a nucleus. Their DNA is loose in the cell.
What do all animals have in common?
They are multicellular (each individual organism is made up of lots of cells), they’re heterotrophs (they have to get their energy from other organisms), and most of them reproduce sexually.
They also have some kind of nervous coordination, which means they can respond rapidly to changes in their environment. They also often store carbohydrate in the form of glycogen.
What do all plants have in common?
They are multicellular and they are autotrophs (meaning they get energy from the sun/photosynthesis). They often store carbohydrates as sucrose or starch.
True or False:
Fungi is both multicellular and unicellular.
True
Fungi like mushrooms and mold are multicellular, however fungi like yeast are unicellular (single celled).
Fungi can be classed as heterotrophs due to them being energised from other organisms, but what must we call them instead?
Saprotrophs
This is because most fungi feed using saprophytic nutrition.
What is the process of fungi feeding using saprophytic nutrition?
- They secrete digestive enzymes onto some food outside their body
- Wait for the enzymes to break down the food
- Absorb all of the broken down nutrients back into their body.
Some of the multicellular fungi have a body called what?
Mycelium
This is made up of loads of thread-like structures called hyphae. The hyphae contain lots of nuclei.
In rare cases, some fungi that can cause diseases in humans are known as what?
Pathogens
Nearly all protoctists are __cellular?
Unicellular (single celled organisms)
However, there are exceptions, with examples being chlorella and euglena being able to photosynthesise, and amoeba being able to consume other organisms to get energy.
Bacteria are __-celled organisms
Single-Celled Organisms
Bacteria have no what?
Chloroplasts
Viruses don’t count as what?
Cells
They are not living.
What is a virus’ basic structure?
A protein coat around the outside, surrounding some genetic material on the inside, which can be DNA or RNA.
Viruses can only reproduce inside what?
Living Cells
They are called parasites because they depend on another organism to grow and reproduce.
All viruses can be thought of as what?
Pathogens
This is because they always cause harm to the other living organisms when they use their cells to reproduce.
What are the cell walls of fungi made out of?
Chitin
