Cells Flashcards
What are the 2 types of eukaryotic cells?
Animal Cells and Plant Cells
Which cell is prokaryotic?
Bacteria
What is the Cell Membrane?
It forms the outer surface of the cell and controls which substances can pass in and out of the cell.
What is the Nucleus?
An organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material / DNA that controls the cell’s activities.
What is Cytoplasm?
A gel-like substance where most of the cell’s chemical reactions take place. It contains enzymes that control these reactions.
What are Mitochondria?
Small organelles where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to function.
What are Ribosomes?
The site of protein synthesis. Small organelles where proteins are made in the cell.
What 3 extra organelles do plant cells contain?
Cell wall, Permanent Vacuole, Chloroplasts
What is a Cell Wall?
A rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane made up of cellulose. It supports the cell and strengthens it.
What is a Permanent Vacuole?
A large organelle that contains cell sap (a weak solution of sugars, salts and water). It helps to support the cell.
What are Chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis, which makes food for the plant, happens here. Chloroplasts contain a green substance called chlorophyll, which absorbs the light energy that’s needed for photosynthesis.
Chlorophyll is also the substance that makes the leaves of plants green.
What organelles are in Bacterial Cells?
Cell Wall, Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm
They also may have Plasmids (carry extra genes) and Flagella (to propel the bacteria, allowing it to move around).
What do bacterial cells never contain?
Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, or a Nucleus.
What do bacterial cells have instead of a nucleus?
A circular chromosome of DNA that floats freely around the cytoplasm.
This circular chromosome contains all the genes they need to survive and reproduce.
What are plasmids?
They carry extra bits of DNA / extra genes like antibiotic resistance.
Name all of the organelles in an animal cell.
Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Ribosomes
Name all of the organelles in a plant cell.
Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Chloroplasts, Permanent Vacuole, Cell Wall
What are similar cells organised into?
Tissues
For example, plants have xylem tissue (for transporting water and mineral salts) and phloem tissue (for transporting sucrose and amino acids).
