KINGDOM PROTISTA Supplementary Material

Question 1

are extremely diverse in terms of their biological and
ecological characteristics

Answer 1

Protists

Question 2

they are an artificial
assemblage of phylogenetically unrelated groups.

Answer 2

Protists

Question 3

display highly varied cell structures, several types of reproductive strategies virtually every possible type of nutrition, and varied habitats

Answer 3

Protists

Question 4

are asymmetrical,
single-celled organisms with a
feeding groove “excavated” from
one side.

Answer 4

Excavata

Question 5

This supergroup includes
heterotrophic predators,
photosynthetic species, and
parasites.

Answer 5

Excavata

Question 6

Its subgroups are the
diplomonads, parabasalids, and
euglenozoans.

Answer 6

Excavata

Question 7

3 subgroups of excavata

Answer 7

diplomonads, parabasalids, and
euglenozoans.

Question 8

example of protists in the subgroup diplomanads

Answer 8

Giardia lamblia

Question 9

a very common digestive tract parasite,

Answer 9

Giardia lamblia

Question 10

It lives in the intestinal tracts of
canines and felines, and can actually impact humans
too and trigger gastrointestinal upset, vomiting and
diarrhea and affect growth in canines.

Answer 10

Giardia lamblia

Question 11

The infection the
parasite Giardia lamblia triggers is called

Answer 11

Giardiasis.

Question 12

also exhibits semi-functional mitochondria.

Answer 12

parabasalids

Question 13

these structures function anaerobically and are called hydrogenosomes because they produce hydrogen gas
as a byproduct.

Answer 13

parabasalids

Question 14

they move with flagella and membrane rippling.

Answer 14

Parabasalids

Question 15

a parabasalid that causes a sexually transmitted disease in humans, employs these mechanisms to
transit through the male and female urogenital tracts.

Answer 15

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 16

includes parasites, heterotrophs,
autotrophs, and mixotrophs, ranging in size from 10
to 500 μm.

Answer 16

Euglenozoans

Question 17

they move through their aquatic habitats using two long flagella that guide them toward light
sources sensed by a primitive ocular organ called an
eyespot.

Answer 17

Euglenoids

Question 18

a primitive ocular organ called an

Answer 18

eyespot

Question 19

familar genus of euglenozoans

Answer 19

Euglena

Question 20

encompasses some
mixotrophic species that display a photosynthetic
capability only when light is present.

Answer 20

Euglena

Question 21

what happens to euglena chroloroplast in teh dark

Answer 21

shrink up and temporarily cease functioning

Question 22

the human parasite ————- belongs
to a different subgroup of Euglenozoa, the
kinetoplastids.

Answer 22

Trypanosoma brucei

Question 23

common in central Africa and is the
causative agent of African sleeping sickness,

Answer 23

Trypanosoma brucei

Question 24

a disease associated with severe chronic fatigue,
coma, and can be fatal if left untreated.

Answer 24

African sleeping sickness

Question 25

are derived from a common ancestor that engulfed a photosynthetic red algal cell, which itself had already evolved chloroplasts from an endosymbiotic relationship with a photosynthetic prokaryote.

Answer 25

chromalveolates

Question 26

the ancestor of -------- is believed to have resulted from a secondary endosymbiotic event.

Answer 26

chromalveolates

Question 27

include very important photosynthetic organisms, such as diatoms, brown algae, and significant disease agents in animals and plants. The chromalveolates can be subdivided into alveolates and stramenopiles.

Answer 27

Chromalveolates

Question 28

are named for the presence of an alveolus, or membrane-enclosed sac, beneath the cell membrane.

Answer 28

alveolates

Question 29

considered as the main causative organism of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) in the Philippines

Answer 29

Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum

Question 30

are unicellular photosynthetic protists that encase themselves in intricately patterned, glassy cell walls composed of silicon dioxide in a matrix of organic particles.

Answer 30

diatoms

Question 31

all ------ are parasitic.

Answer 31

apicomplexans

Question 32

which causes malaria in humans.

Answer 32

Plasmodium

Question 33

must colonize both a mosquito and a vertebrate to complete their life cycle.

Answer 33

Plasmodium

Question 34

In vertebrates, the plasmodium develops in ---------- and goes on to infect ---------,

Answer 34

liver cells ; red blood cells

Question 35

Of the four Plasmodium species known to infect humans, ---------------------- accounts for 50 percent of all malaria cases and is the primary cause of disease-related

Answer 35

P. falciparum

Question 36

which include Paramecium and Tetrahymena, are a group of protists 10 to 3,000 micrometers in length that are covered in rows, tufts, or spirals of tiny cilia.

Answer 36

Ciliates

Question 37

4 protists under the subgroup Chromalveolata

Answer 37

Alveolates: Dinoflagellates, Apicomplexians, Ciliates

Question 38

2 protisst under the subgroup rhizaria

Answer 38

forams and radiolarians

Question 39

are unicellular heterotrophic protists, ranging from approximately 20 micrometers to several centimeters in length, and occasionally resembling tiny snails

Answer 39

Foraminiferans, or forams

Question 40

exhibit intricate exteriors of glassy silica with radial or bilateral symmetry.

Answer 40

Radiolarians

Question 41

Needle- like pseudopods supported by microtubules radiate outward from the cell bodies of these protists and function to catch food particles.

Answer 41

Radiolarians

Question 42

Red algae and green algae are included in the supergroup

Answer 42

Archaeplastida

Question 43

It was from a common ancestor of these protists that the land plants evolved, since their closest relatives are found in this group.

Answer 43

Archaeplastida

Question 44

2 protists under Archaeplastida.

Answer 44

Green Algae: Chlorophytes and Charophytes

Question 45

The most abundant group of algae

Answer 45

green algae.

Question 46

exhibit similar features to the land plants, particularly in terms of chloroplast structure.

Answer 46

green algae

Question 47

The green algae are subdivided into the ---- and ----------

Answer 47

chlorophytes and charophytes.

Question 48

# ``` ``` are the closest living relatives to land plants and resemble them in morphology and reproductive strategies.

Answer 48

charophytes

Question 49

is a green alga in the supergroup Archaeplastida.

Answer 49

Volvox aureus

Question 50

This species exists as a colony, consisting of cells immersed in a gel-like matrix and intertwined with each other via hair-like cytoplasmic extensions.

Answer 50

Volvox aureus

Question 51

examples chlorophytes

Answer 51

sea lettuce/Ulva

Question 52

exhibit pseudopodia that extend like tubes or flat lobes

Answer 52

Amoebozoa

Question 53

a subset of the amoebozoans

Answer 53

Slime Molds

Question 54

has several morphological similarities to fungi that are thought to be the result of convergent evolution.

Answer 54

Slime Molds

Question 55

include the animal-like choanoflagellates, which are believed to resemble the common ancestor of sponges and, in fact, all animals.

Answer 55

Opisthokonta

Question 56

include unicellular and colonial forms, and number about 244 described species.

Answer 56

Choanoflagellates

Question 57

uses a similar mechanism to sponges to filter out bacteria for ingestion by the protist.

Answer 57

collar

Question 58

The morphology of choanoflagellates was recognized early on as resembling the ----------- --------- of sponges,

Answer 58

collar cells