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kingdom protista Flashcards

1
Q

is this prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

has nucleiod
circular DNA that floats aound cell
simpler DNA
No membrane bound organelles
typically much smaller
divide y binary fission
typically unicellular
anearobic and aerobic

A

prokaryotic

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2
Q

is this prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

has nucleus
has linear DNA that is held in teh nucleus
has cmplex DNA
Membrane boudn organelles
typically much larger
divide by mitosis and meiosis
typically multicellular
aerobic

A

eukaryotic

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3
Q

7 things ekurayotes and prokaryotes have in common

A
  • chromosomes
  • DNA as genetic material
  • ribosome
  • cytoplasm
  • plasma membrane
  • sometimes have cell walls
  • vacoules
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4
Q

what does the acronym DORA mean?

A

DNA
ORGANNELES
REPRODUCTION
AVERAGE SIZE

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5
Q

here DNA is naked

A

prokaryotes

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6
Q

3 characteristice of DNA of prokaryotes

A
  • DNA is naked
  • dna is circular
  • usually no introns
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7
Q

3 characteristics of DNA in Eukaryotes

A
  • DNA bound to protein
  • dna is linear
  • usually has introns
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8
Q

3 characteristics of prokaryotes organelles

A
  • no nucleus
  • no membrane-boun
  • 70S ribosomes
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9
Q

3 characteristics of eukaryotes organelles

A
  • has nucleus
  • membrane-bound
  • 80S ribosomes
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10
Q

what is the reproduction of prokaryotes

A

through binary fission and has single chromosome (haploid)

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11
Q

what is the reproduction of eukaryotes

A
  • through mitosis and meiosis there chromosomes are paired (diploid or more)
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12
Q

average size of prokaryotes

A

smaller (~1-5um)

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13
Q

what is the average size of eukaryotes

A

larger (~10-10 um)

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14
Q

First Eukaryotes to evolve ~ 1.5 Billion years
ago

A

PROTISTS

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15
Q

they are Unicellular and multicellular

A

PROTISTS

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16
Q

they Can live in colonies
and Live any where there is water – lakes, oceans,
damp soil, sand, leaf litter

A

PROTISTS

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17
Q

classification of protists

A

kingdom - protists
subkingdom - protozoa

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18
Q

what is the subkingdo of protists

A

protozoa

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19
Q

proto means

A

first

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20
Q

what does zoa mean

A

animal

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21
Q

they are
üSingle celled organisms
üContain organelles to carry specific functions

A

protozoa

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22
Q

domain of protists

A

eukarya

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23
Q

kingdom of protists

A

protista

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24
Q

they Cannot be classified as plants, animals, or fungi

A

PROTISTS

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25
Q

– Most are unicellular, not all!

A

protists

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26
Q

they could be split into as many as a dozen kingdoms

A

protists

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27
Q

kingdom protista include some —

A

autotrophic groups

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28
Q

they are definable only as a confederation of
eukaryotes lacking the tissue level of organization seen
in plants, animals, and fungi.

A

Protists

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29
Q

their cells may contain a single nucleus or many
nuclei;

A

protist

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30
Q

they range in size from microscopic to
thousands of meters in area.

A

Protist

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31
Q

may have animal-like cell membranes,

A

Protists

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32
Q

may have plant-
like cell walls, or may be covered by a pellicle.

A

Protists

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33
Q

2 ways protists eat

A

phagocytosis
photosysthesis

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34
Q

3 things that can help protists move

A

cilia
flagella
pseudopodia

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35
Q

Although the term “protozoa” has been
around for nearly

A

200 years

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36
Q

it does not define a monophyletic assemblage
meriting single-phylum status

A

protozoa

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37
Q

who is generally credited with
being the first person to report seeing protists,

A

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

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38
Q

year Antony van Leeuwenhoek discovered protist

A

1675

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39
Q

was the first to describe a
number of microscopic aquatic life forms (e.g.,
rotifers), referring to them as animalcules

A

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

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40
Q

(little
animals).

A

animalcules

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41
Q

The name protozoon (Greek, proto, “first”; zoon,
“animal”) was coined by

A

Goldfuss

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42
Q

year protozoon was coined

A

1818

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43
Q

a subgrouping of a huge assemblage of animals known at that time as the Zoophyta (protists, sponges, cnidarians, rotifers, and others).

A

protozoon

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44
Q

Following the discovery of cells in

A

1839

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45
Q

when did the
distinctive nature of protists became apparent.

A

1839

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46
Q

he restricted the name Protozoa to apply to all
unicellular forms of animal life.

A

von Siebold

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47
Q

year when restricted the name Protozoa to apply to all
unicellular forms of animal life.

A

1845

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48
Q

great naturalist who
united the algae and protozoa into a single group,
the Protista

A

Ernst Haeckel

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49
Q

standard classification scheme
developed for the heterotrophic protists, or
“protozoa“
* This scheme was based on the idea that the
different groups could be classified primarily
by their ———– and ———-

A

modes of nutrition and locomotion

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50
Q

Most protists are

A

free-living

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51
Q

5 things under life cycles of protists

A

– Most protists are free-living
– Some are parasitic
– Asexual reproduction common
– Sexual reproduction may occur when conditions
deteriorate
– Some life cycles simple, many extremely
complex

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52
Q

what types of reproduction may occur when conditions deteriorate

A

Sexual reproduction

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53
Q

what type of reproduction is common ins protists

A

Asexual reproduction

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54
Q

Vary in size from microscopic algae and
protozoans to kelp more than 200 m in length

A

protists

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55
Q

common length of kelp

A

200 m

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56
Q

3 things that help maintain structure of protists

A
  • pellicle
  • ectoplasm
  • endoplasm
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57
Q

rigid microtubules,
maintains shape

A

Pellicle

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58
Q

it is outside cytoplasm

A

Ectoplasm

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59
Q

it is inside cytoplasm

A

Endoplasm

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60
Q

Water enters protozoa
through

A

osmosis

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61
Q

what helps maintains water and
solute balance

A

Contractile vacuole

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62
Q

3 types of movement of protists

A
  • Pseudopodia
  • Cilia
  • Flagella
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63
Q

pseudo means

A

false

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64
Q

pod means

A

foot

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65
Q

pseudopodia means

A

“false foot”

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66
Q

it is an Extension of cytoplasm

A

Pseudopodia

67
Q

has:

ü Hairlike protein fibers
ü Movement and attachment

68
Q

a Thin protein whip

69
Q

it Rotates or whips back and forth

70
Q

4 types of lifestyle of protists

A

Symbiosis
Parasitism
Commensalism
Mutualism

71
Q

– one organism lives in close
association with another organism

72
Q

live in or on a host that is usually
harmed

A

Parasitism

73
Q

one member benefits and
host is not harmed

A

Commensalism

74
Q

both species benefit

75
Q

Photoautotrophic forms of protists:

A

– Produce oxygen
– Function as producers in both freshwater and
saltwater ecosystems
– Major component of plankton

76
Q
  • Organisms that are suspended in the water
  • Serve as food for heterotrophic protists and animals
77
Q

—– and —— of protists are not protected from drying out

A

Gametes and zygotes

78
Q

they Do not have chitin in their cell wall

79
Q

undergo embryonic development

80
Q

have chitin in their cell wall

81
Q

they Do not undergo embryonic development

82
Q

COULD BE SPLIT IN A 12 DIFFERENT KINGDOMS

NOW 6 SUPERGROUPS

83
Q

6 supergorups of protists

A

ARCHAEPLASTIDS
CHROMALVEOLATES
EXCAVATES
AMOEBAZOANS
RHIZARIANS
OPISTHOKONTS

84
Q

features of archaeplastids

A

plastids
unicellular
colonial
multuicellular

85
Q

members of archaeplastids

A

green algae
red algae
land plants
charophytes

86
Q

feutures of chromalveolates

A

most ith plastids, unicellular and multicellular, alveoli suppoer plasma membrane

87
Q

members of chromalveolates

A

stramenopiles, brown algae, diatoms, golden brown algae, water molds, alveolates, ciliates, apicomplexans, dinoflaggelates

88
Q

features of excavates

A

feeding groove, unique flagella, unicellular

89
Q

members of excavates

A

euglenids, kinetoplastids, parabasilids, diplomanads

90
Q

features of amoebazoans

A

pseudopods and unicellular

91
Q

members of ameobazoans

A

amoeboids, plasmodial, and cellular slime molds

92
Q

features of rhizarians

A

thin pseudopods, some with tests, unicellular

93
Q

members of rhizarians

A

foraminiferans and radiolarians

94
Q

features of opisthokonts

A

some with flagella, unicellular, and colonial

95
Q

members of opisthokonts

A

choanoflaggelates, animals, nuclearlids, fungi

96
Q

3 modes of nutrition

A

plant-like
animal-like
fungi-like

97
Q

Plant-like mode of nutrition

A

photoautotrophs

98
Q

animal-like mode of nutrition

A

heterotrophs by ingestion or parasites

99
Q

fungi-like mode of nutrition

A

heterotrophs by
absorption - Some are mixotrophic * Combine autotrophic

100
Q

Combine autotrophic and
heterotrophic nutritional modes

A

mixotrophic

101
Q

(locomotion with
flagella)

A

Mastigophora

102
Q

(locomotion with cilia)

A

Ciliophora

103
Q

(locomotion with pseudopodia)

104
Q

(parasites with no obvious locomotory
structures)

105
Q

Flagellated protists were further divided into:

A

zooflagellates and phytoflagellates

106
Q

(Flagellated protists which are heterotrophs)

A

zooflagellates

107
Q

(Flagellated protists with photosynthetic autotrophs).

A

phytoflagellates

108
Q

phylum of euglenids or euglena

A

PHYLUM EUGLENIDA

109
Q

phylum of didinium, paramecium and vorticella

A

PHYLUM CILIOPHORA

110
Q

phylum of plasmodium

A

PHYLUM APICOMPLEXA

111
Q

phylum of zooxanthella

A

PHYLUM DINOFLAGELLATA

112
Q

phylum of diatoms, brown

A

PHYLUM STRAMENOPILA

113
Q

phylum of amoeba and entamoeba

A

PHYLUM RHIZOPODA

114
Q

phylum of giardia

A

PHYLUM DIPLOMONADIDA

115
Q

phylum of trichomonas

A

PHYLUM PARABASILIDA

116
Q

phylum of green algae and volvox

A

PHYLUM CHLOROPHYTA

117
Q

phylum of opalina

A

PHYLUM OPALINIDA

117
Q

A colony is a loose association of
independent cells

118
Q

example of green algae

119
Q

A hollow sphere

A

Volvox colony

120
Q

5 characteristics of A Volvox colony:

A

– A hollow sphere
– Thousands of cells arranged in a
single layer surrounding a watery
interior
– Each cell of colony resembles a
Chlamydomonas cell
– Flagella beat in a coordinated
fashion
– Some cells are specialized for
reproduction

121
Q

example of yellow-green algae or the chrysophyta

122
Q

(formerly Bacillariophyta)
are the most numerous unicellular
algae in the oceans

123
Q

it is the Significant portion of
phytoplankton

124
Q

cell wall of diatoms have —– and —

A

Two valves and silica

125
Q

3 ways Diatomaceous earth are used as

A

– Filtering agents
– Sound-proofing materials
– Polishing abrasives

126
Q

Small freshwater unicellular
organisms

A

Euglenoids

127
Q

Have two flagella and an
eyespot (photoreceptor)

A

Euglenoids

128
Q

an eyespot acts as a

A

(photoreceptor)

129
Q

chloroplasts of euglonoids have

A

three rather than two membranes
AND
pyrenoid

130
Q

produces
an unusual type of carbohydrate
called paramylon

131
Q
  • Colorless heterotrophs
  • Most symbiotic and many parasitic
A

Zooflagellates

132
Q

Well known for causing various diseases in humans

A

Zooflagellates

133
Q

3 examples of zooflagellates

A

-Trypanosoma
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis

134
Q

2 kinds of Trypanosoma

A

Tsetse fly
Kissing bug

135
Q

causes African sleeping sickness

A

Tsetse fly

136
Q

causes Chagas disease

A

Kissing bug

137
Q

Most common flagellate in human digestive tract

A

Giardia lamblia

138
Q

Causes severe diarrhea

A

Giardia lamblia

139
Q

Cysts are transmitted in contaminated water

A

Giardia lamblia

140
Q

Beavers are important reservoir hosts for this kindof zooflaggelate

A

Giardia lamblia

141
Q

Sexually transmitted protist,

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

142
Q

Infects urogenital organs; a common cause of vaginitis

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

143
Q

are protists that
move and ingest their food with
pseudopods

144
Q

They use phagolysosomes to
digest food

145
Q

a parasite of the human colon;

A

Entamoeba histolytica

146
Q

a parasite that causes amoebic dysentery

A

Entamoeba histolytica

147
Q

beat in coordinated rhythm

A

cilia/ciliates

148
Q

Most are holozoic, swallowing food whole

149
Q

Divide by transverse binary fission during
asexual reproduction

150
Q

has Two nuclei of differing types

151
Q

Two nuclei of differing types of Ciliates

A

Micronucleus and Macronucleus

152
Q

Heredity nuclei differing type

A

Micronucleus

153
Q

Metabolism nuclei differing type

A

Macronucleus

154
Q

their Body in the form of a plasmodium

A

Plasmodial Slime Molds

155
Q

they Feed like fungi and make spores but no cell wall and they have flagellated cells

A

Slime Molds

156
Q

they are:

  • Diploid, multinucleated, cytoplasmic mass
  • Enveloped by a slimy sheath
A

Plasmodial Slime Molds

157
Q

Eventually produces sporangium which in turn produces
spores

A

Plasmodial Slime Molds

158
Q

phylum of Plasmodial Slime Molds

A

Phylum Myxomycota

159
Q

what is sporangium

A

it produces spores

160
Q

– Body in the form of individual amoeboid cells

A

Cellular Slime Mold

161
Q

Later aggregate into pseudoplasmodium which then
forms sporangium & spores

A

Cellular Slime Mold

162
Q

```

~~~

phylum of Cellular Slime Mold

A

Phylum Acrasiomycota

163
Q

2 types of slime molds

A

Plasmodial Slime Molds
Cellular Slime Mold

SYSTEMATICS (13 decks)

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