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Biology 11 > Kingdom Protista > Flashcards

Kingdom Protista Flashcards

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1
Q

Classification

A

Organisms do not belong with plants, animals, bacteria, or fungi

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2
Q

Properties

A
  1. Have membrane bound organelles
  2. Bridge between bacteria and larger organisms
  3. Over 200 000 species
  4. Some are unicellular, some multi
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3
Q

Endosymbiotic theory

A

Smaller prokaryotic cell was engulfed by larger prokaryotic cell

Flagella possibly came from spirochete (spiral bacteria)

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4
Q

3 categories of Protista

A
  1. Algae
  2. Protozoan
  3. Slime molds
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5
Q

Plant like

A
  • algae and phytoplankton
  • contain chlorophyll
  • produce oxygen
  • phytoplankton produce 60% of worlds oxygen
  • unicellular and multicellular
  • 6 subgroups
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6
Q

Euglenophyta

A

Unicellular

  • no cell wall, instead have pellicle
  • autotrophs with chloroplasts, in absence of light become heterotrophs
  • freshwater
  • has flagella and capable of movement like animal
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7
Q

Chrysophyta

A
  • golden algae or diatoms
  • unicellular
  • no cilia or flagella
  • intricate glass walls of silica: consist of two halves that that fit together like lid
  • among most abundant organisms in ocean
  • used in toothpaste
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8
Q

Pyrophyta

A
  • dinoflagellates aka fire algae
  • unicellular
  • 2 flagella and spin through water, covered in cellulose plates
  • salt water
  • many bioluminescence when agitated
  • some have symbiotic relationship with jellyfish and other organisms near coral reefs
  • gonyaulax cause psp/red tide
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9
Q

Thallus

A
  • multicellular bodies called thallus
  • thallus can have man specialized structures including:
    String like filaments
    Leaf like sheets (sea weed)
    Root like holdfasts
    Gas bladders
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10
Q

Chlorophyta

A
  • multicellular
  • equivalent to earth’s terrestrial ads
  • many grow in colonies with cells linked end to end (filaments) or as flat leaf like sheets
  • live in: shallow sea floors, fresh water, moist soil, some symbiotic with fungi in lichen
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11
Q

Rhodophyta

A
  • multicellular
  • warm salt water
  • able to grow deeper than most due to pigments that trap light deep in ocean
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12
Q

Phaeophyta

A
  • multicellular
  • cold marine waters
  • the thalli of many have holdfasts to anchor to rocks
  • kelp have specialized air bladders to help blades float to surface where they absorb light
  • alternation of generation
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13
Q

Animal like Protista

A 
Aka protozoan: first animal
Make up zoo plankton
ONLY UNICELLULAR
Heterotrophs
Mobility
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14
Q

Sarcodinians

A

Amoebas and foraminiferans

  • move by extending lobes of cytoplasm (pseudopods)
  • uses pinocytosis and phagocytosis for eating
  • eat by surrounding organisms with pseudopods
  • contractile vacuole pumps out excess water when feeding
  • fresh and salt water and intestines
  • reproduce (binary fission) once per day
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15
Q

Mastigophora

A
  • zooflagellates
  • freshwater or inside other organisms
  • move by flagella
  • asexual: longitudinal fission
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16
Q

Ciliophora

A
  • paramecium
  • move by cilia
  • largest most diverse/ complex group or Protista
  • multinucleated
  • cilia can be modified into teeth, paddles, or feet
  • can have trichocyts: harpoon like structures to catch prey/defense
17
Q

Ciliophoran reproduction

A

Macronucleus: controls ongoing functions and binary fission
Micronucleus: involved in genetic exchange during conjugation

18
Q

Conjugation in paramecium

A
  1. Join at oral groove, micronucleus divide
  2. One micronucleus from each enters oral groove; macro nuclei disintegrate
  3. Micronucleus in oral groove divide
  4. Micronucleus in oral groove swap
  5. Micronucleus fuse and macronucleus develops
19
Q

Ciliophoran digestion

A
  1. Use cilia to move and gather food
  2. Food enters oral groove and pinched off forming food vacuoles
  3. After nutrients are extracted from food, the waste is ejected through anal pore
  4. All protozoans have contractile vacuoles which pump out excess water in the cell
20
Q

Apicomplexa

A
  • sporozoans
  • lack: cilia, flagella, pseudopods
  • capable of some worm movement
  • parasites
  • less organelles than other Protista
  • form spores during their life cycles
  • complex life cycles often involving 2+ hosts (often one is an insect-vector)
21
Q

Fungi-like slime molds

A

Similarities to fungus:

  • no chloroplasts
  • absorb nutrients across cell wall

Unlike fungus:
- no chitin (complex carb) that forms rigid structure in fungus

22
Q

Plasmodial slime molds

Myxomycota

A

Feeding: form a plasmodium (big mass of cytoplasm)

Poor conditions: fruiting body forms producing spores that can stay dormant until conditions are favourable

Transport: spores can be spread by wind or animals

  • diploid
23
Q

Cellular slime molds

Acrasiomycota

A
  • found in fresh water and damp soil
  • alternate between amoeboid (feeding) form and a spore producing fruiting body
  • when there is no food available nearby cells clump together forming a large slug like organism called a pseudoplasmodium
  • haploid
24
Q

Water molds

Oomycota

A
  • cell wall is made of cellulose
  • fresh water
  • decomposes: feed on dead or decaying plants or animals
  • parasitize land plants (ex downy mildews)
25
Q

Paramecium diagram

A 
Contains: 
Pellicle
Cilia
Food vacuole
Contractile vacuole 
Micronucleus
Macronucleus 
Cytoplasm
Oral groove
26
Q

Difference between plasmodial and cellular

A

Plasmodial: diploid nuclei have no membranes to separate

Cellular: is multicellular. Separated by membranes

27
Q

Flagellates in termite

A

Convert cellulose of bark to usable form of carbohydrate for termite = flagellate gets protection and food

28
Q

Euglena diagram

A 
Contains:
Stigma
Reservoir 
Chloroplasts
Pellicle
Contractile vacuole
Nucleus
Nucleolus 
Flagellum
29
Q

Kelp diagram

A 
Contains:
Frond
Blade
Gas bladder
Stipe
Hold fast
30
Q

Pellicle

A

Flexible protein covering

Biology 11 (4 decks)

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