Kingdom Plante Flashcards
Xylem
Transport water
Phloem
Transports sugars
Lower plants (non-vascular)
Very short/ small in size
Very moist environment
Reproduce with spores
Lower plant example
Mosses and liverworts
Liverworts
Worts= plant
They kind of look like a liver
Higher plants- vascular
Primitive plants
Advanced vascular plants
Primitive Vascular Plants
Moist environment
Reproduce w/ spores
No roots (do have stems)
Primitive Vascular Plants GROUPS
Whisk ferns
Club mosses
-lycopodium (ground pine)
-seleginella (resurrection plant)
Equisetum
FernsAdvanced Vascular Plants
Reproduce w/ seeds
Pollen
Vascular system
Transports materials through out organ system
Gymnosperm
Gym- naked, sperm- seed
Seeds produce cones
Gymnosperm groups
Cycads (sego palms)
Ginkgo
Gnetophyta
-ephedra
-welwitschia
Conifers (coni- cone, fer-bare)Angiosperm
Angio- covered (they are covered with fruit)
Angiosperm groups
Monocots- 1 cotyledon
Dicots- 2 cotyledon
Plante; Common representatives
Trees, flowers, grass, ferns, moss
Plante; Prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Eukaryotic (they have a nucleus)
Plante; Number of cells?
Many
Plante; Cell wall?
Yes (cellulose)
Plante; Autotrophic or heterotrophic?
Autotrophic (they do photosynthesis)
Plante; Habitat or environment?
Most are terrestrial
Freshwater
Plante; Role in ecosystem?
Producer
Plante; Complexity?
Complex
Gymnosperm- conifers
- sporophyte dominant
- sperm found inside pollen grain
Male Cones
Produce sperm (pollen) Smaller and papery
Female cones
- produce eggs
- becomes a seed after fertilization
- large wooden cone
Pollination
Pollen is transferred from male parts to female parts
Fertilization
Egg and sperm join
Angiosperm
- less time from pollination to fertilization
- flowers- improve pollination (they don’t have to make as much pollen)
- fruit helps disperse the seed
Monocots (roots)
Fibrous roots
Monocot (stems)
Never have true wood (no trees)
Monocot (leaves)
Parallel veins
Monocot (flowers)
Parts in multiples of 3
Monocot (seeds)
1 cotyledon in the seed
Dicot (roots)
Tap root
Dicot (stems)
Can have wood
Dicot (leaves)
Net like veins
Dicot (flowers)
Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
Dicot (seeds)
2 cotyledon in the seed
Roots
Uptake of water and minerals
Helps keep in place (anchor)
Transporting water out and sugar in
Stems
Support leaves, flowers, fruit
Transport (almost exclusively xylem and phloem)
Leaves
Photosynthesis
Transports waters in and sugar out
Gas exchange (opening called stomata)
Flowers (petals)
Attract pollinators
- white or yellow open (attracts bees)
- red (humming birds)
- tube shaped not red or white (butterflies)
- white (bats and moths)
- insects can see ultra violet lights
Flowers (sepals)
Usually green, protects the flower when it is developing
Flower (anther and filament) stamen
Anther- pollen
Filament- holds anther up high so pollinator comes in contact with pollen
Flower (pistol)
Stigma- sticky to catch pollen
Style- similar to filament, encourages contact
Ovary- produces the eggs
Fertilized egg
Seed
Ovary wall
Becomes fruit
Fruit disperse methods
Animal (through digestion, carry/burry/forget, on fur)
Wind (dandelions, helicopters)
Water (seeds floats if it’s water produced, coconuts)
Mechanical (launch the seeds)
Dormancy (resting period)
- hard and shiny (breaks by scratching)
- cold dormancy/ stratification (have to go through long period of cold conditions)
- chemical (lots water makes the chemical go away)
- development (when seed are released but not fully developed)
- fire (no other competitors after fire, nutrients are released)
