kingdom fungi

Question 1

brief about fungi

Answer 1

-heterotrophic
-great diversity in morphology and habitat
-common fungi-toadstool, mushroom
-white spots on musturd is also due to fungi

Question 2

habitat of fungi

Answer 2

prefer to grow in moist and warm, humid places
- fungi are cosmopolitin - found everywhere

Question 3

explain the structure fungi

Answer 3

most of the fungi are multicellular except yeast which is unicellular
-fungal bodies consist - long slender thread like structures called HYPHAE.
-network of hyphae is called MYCELIUM
-multinucleated hyphae- coenocytic hyphae
-some hyphae have septate or cross walls which prevents them from having multiple nuclus
- cell wall - chitin and polysaccharides

Question 4

nutrietion of fungi

Answer 4

hetrotrophic-saphrophytic, parasitic
-can live as symbionts EX: LICHEN ( with algae), micorrhiza( higher plants )

Question 5

vegitative and asexual reproduction in fungi

Answer 5

-vegitative- framentation , fission and budding
-asexual reproduction-oospores,ascospore,
basidiospores

Question 6

sexual reproduction in fungi

Answer 6

1-plasmogamy
2-karyogamy
3-meiosis in zygote resulting in haploid spores
*when fungi reproduce sexually two hyphae of compatible mating type come together and fuse
In some fusion of haploid cells immediately reults in diploid cell(phycomycete amd deutero)
But in some ther is an intervening dikaryon stage (asco , basidio ) in them fungi forms fruting bodies which undergo reductional division to form haploid spores

Question 7

Basis of classification of fungi

Answer 7

Morphology of mycelium , type of spore , fruiting body ,

Question 8

Phycomycetes

Answer 8

-aquatic,decaying wood
-obligate parasites
-Myscelium- aseptate, coenocytic
-asexual reproduction-Zoospore(motile),or by aplanospores(non-motile)
-spores are endogeneously produce in sporangium
-Zygospores(formed by fusion of 2 gametes)
-if the gametes aare similar -isogamous
-if the gametes are dissimilar-anisogamous.

EX:MUCOR, RHIZOPUS( THE BREAD MOULD ) , ALBUGO (PARASITIC FUNGI ON MUSTARD)

Question 9

Ascomycetes

Answer 9

-AKA sac fungi
-multicellular - penicillium
-unicellular- yeast ( only unicellular fungi )
-saphrophytic , decomposers , parasitic, coprophilous
-MYCELIUM BRANCHED AND SEPTATE
-asexual spores-conidia-exogeniously produces on the special mycelium -conidiophores

-sexual spores-ascospores-endogeneously produced -sac like asci -formed in arranged fruiting bodies called ascocarps

EX:ASPERGILLUS , CLAVICEPS , NEUROSPORA USED IN GENETIC WORK ), MORELS AND TRUFFELS(BOTH EDIBLE)

Question 10

Basidiomycetes

Answer 10

commonly known forms are mushrooms, puffball
-soil, logs , tree stumps , as parasite (Ex:rusts and smut)
-MYCELIUM-BRANCHED AND SEPTATE
-asexual spores-generally not foun
-vegitative reproduction-fragmentation
-sex organs-absent
-Plasmogamy is brought by fusion of 2 vegitative /somatic cells of different strains / genotypes
-Result: dikaryotic structure gives rise to basidium
-karyogamy,and meosis takes place in basidium -4 basidiospore are present
-basidiospores are exogeneously produced on the basidium -arranged in fruiting bodies-basidiocarps.

-EX:AGARICUS(mushroom) , USTILAGO(SMUT) , PUCCINIA (RUST).

Question 11

Deuteromycetes

Answer 11

-AKA imperfect fungi -cause only the sexual and vegitative phases are known -when sexual phase discovered fungi is moved
-reproduce only by asexual spore called conidia .
-MYCELIUM - septate and branched .
-saphrophyticc , parasitic ,majority are decomposers who help in mineral cycling
EX: ALTERNARIA, COLLETOTRICHUM,
TRICHODERMA

Question 12

fungi which have a septate myceliym

Answer 12

ascomycetes,deuteromycetes ,basidiomycetes all have branched and septate mycelium .