Kingdom Animalia Flashcards by Julian Giron

Describe animals

Animals are multicellular organisms that are heterotrophic and have the ability to move. They undergo embryonic development.

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Criteria in Classifying animals (4)

1) Body Symmetry
2) Protective Structure
3) Number of Germ Layers
4) Segmentation

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Primary layer of cells that forms during embryonic development.

Germ Layer

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Balanced distribution of duplicate body parts or shapes.

Body Symmetry

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Division of body plans into series

Segmentation

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Types of Body Symmetry (3)

1) Assymetrical
2) Radial Symmetry
3) Bilateral Symmetry

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Types of Protective Structures (3)

1) Exoskeleton
2) Endoskeleton
3) Hydrostatic Skeleton

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Types of Germ Layers (3)

1) Ectoderm
2) Mesoderm
3) Endoderm

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Classification of Animals according to Number of Germ Layers.

1) Triploblastic

2) Diploblastic

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Irregular shaped body

Assymetrical

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Body parts emerge from a single disk

Radial Symmetry

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Can be divided into two equal parts (ex. two eyes, one for both sides)

Bilateral Symmetry

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External skeletal system that are made up of chitin and calcium carbonate

Exoskeleton

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Hard, mineralized skeletal resides inside the body

Endoskeleton

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Muscles contract that produces movement due to the pressure of the fluid inside the fluid-filled cavity

Hydrostatic skeleton

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Responsible for forming the skin and the nervous system

Ectoderm

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Responsible for reproductive system, blood vessels, kidney

Mesoderm

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Responsible for digestive and respiratory system

Endoderm

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Animals that only have ectoderm and endoderm

Diploblastic Animals

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Animals that have all germ layers

Triploblastic Animals

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They are the ancestral protists and it is said that they are the origin of all organisms

Choanoflagellates

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Describe Phylum Porifera

Assymetrical
Porous body wall
Cellular level only (doesn’t turn into tissues)

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‘Tunnel’ inside sponges

Central Cavity

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Allows food and water to enter inside sponges

Choanocytes

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Digests and distribute food from the choanocytes

Amoeboid cells

Skeleton of sponges

Spicules

Meaning of choano-

Collar

Opening of sponges

Osculum

Describe Phylum Cnidaria

``` Radial Symmetry Diploblastic Incomplete digestive system (gastrovascular system) Contains stinging cells Has a sac body plan (mouth = anus) Tissue-level of organization Sessile (attached to ocean floor) ```

Contains capsules, barb with poisonous thread; enables to catch prey and for defense

Stinging Cells or Nematocytes

Examples of Phylum Cnidaria

jellyfish, corals, sea anemone, hydra

life cycle of cnidaria

1) Polyp | 2) Medusa

Hollow vase-like body that stands on a base and has a whirl of tentacles surround the mouth

Polyp

Inverted polyp; umbrella-shaped; applies to jellyfish only

Medusa

Describe Phylum Platyhelminthes

Tripoblastic | Bilateral

Classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes

Class Turbellaria, Class Cestoda, Class Trematoda

Phylum Platyhelminthes is composed of what organisms?

flatworms

Examples of this class of Phylum Platyhelminthes is planaria and all marine flatworms

Class Turbellaria

Example of this class of Phylum Platyhelminthes is flukes

Class Cestoda

Example of this class of Phylum Platyhelminthes is tapeworm

Class Trematoda

Describe nervous system of Planaria

Ganglia (not enclosed)

Hair thingy on top of flatworms

Hooks

Segments of tapeworm

Proglottid

Difference between Class Turbellaria from both Class Cestoda and Trematoda

Class Turbellaria is NOT parasitic

Describe Phylum Nematoda

``` Long, smooth, unsegmented body Cylindrical with tapered ends Triploblastic Complete digestive system (with mouth and anus!!) Bilateral symmetry ```

Organism that composes Phylum Nematoda

Roundworms

A genus | of round worm

Ascaris

Scientific name of pinworm

Enterobius vermicularis

Describe Phylum Mollusca

Soft body | Bilateral symmetry

Classes included in Mollusca (4)

1) Class Gastropoda 2) Class Bivalvia 3) Class Cephalopoda 4) Cass Polyplacophora

Scraper-like tongue for movement and catching prey

Radula

Fold of skin that surrounds the organs and produces secretions that help form the shell; not present in Class Cephalopoda

Mantle

Example of this is snail; shells are usually coiled

Class Gastropoda

Examples of this are clams and oysters; 2 shells are combined (bivalve)

Class Bivalvia

Examples of this are squids and octopus; has a head

Class Cephalopoda

Example of this is chiton; back is the only one that is hard

Class Polyplacophora

Describe Phylum Annelida

Body is segmented inside and out which allows faster movement Complete digestive system (with tube within tube setup) Bilateral symmetry Anterior and posterior suckers Ventral and dorsal ends Triploblastic Usually lives in freshwater habitat and damp soil

Meaning of annelida

little rings

Organisms that compose the Phylum Annelida

Segmented worms/ annelid (earthworms, leech, sandworm)

Scientific name for medicinal leech

Hirudo medicinalis

Describe Phylum Arthropoda

Bilateral symmetry Phylum with the largest number of organisms Triploblastic Segmented body with jointed appendages Body divided into a head, thorax, abdomen Hard exoskeleton

Meaning of arthropoda

jointed legs

Classes included in Phylum Arthropoda (3)

1) Class Arachnida (spiders) 2) Class Crustacea (crabs) 3) Class Insecta (insects)

Describe Phylum Echinodermata

``` Spiny skin All are marine animals Radial Symmetry Triploblastic No segmentation Endoskeleton Developed water vascular system Has tube feet ```

System of Echinodermata that runs through their bodies and allows them to create jets of water for movement

water vascular system

Family of Sea Star that regenerates

Family Linkidae

Organisms included in Phylum Echinodermata

sea urchin, sea star, sea cucumber

Describe Phylum Chordata

Only phylum that is composed of vertebrates Has a dorsal nerve cord Has a post anal tail

Flexible supporting rod of Phylum Chordata

notochord

Classes included in Phylum Chordata

1) Class Aves 2) Class Chondrichthyes 3) Class Osteichtyes 4) Class Mammalia 5) Class Amphibia 6) Class Reptilia

Class of Phylum Chordata that is composed of bony fishes

Class Osteichtyes

Class of Phylum Chordata that is composed of cold blooded animals that can live in both land and water (ex. frogs, toad, salamander)

Class Amphibia

Class of Phylum Chordata that is composed of birds

Class Aves

Class of Phylum Chordata that is composed of cartilaginous fishes

Class Chondrichtyes

Class of Phylum Chordata that is composed of animals that have fur; are warm-blooded; give birth

Class Mammalia

Class of Phylum Chordata that is composed of animals that lay eggs with shells, has scales, and are cold blooded.

Class Reptilia

For secretion of milk

Mammary Glands