Evolution Flashcards
This is the gradual change of structure and function of organisms due to changes in environment.
Evolution
What are the two types of evolution?
Micro- and Macroevolution
This is the type of evolution which is described with large scale evolutionary changes, special events, that may require hundreds of generations and are usually only detectable in the fossil record.
Macroevolution
This is the type of evolution which is describe with small scale evolutionary changes on molecular level, that occur over the span of a few generations and can therefore be detected in living populations
Microevolution
Who are the two proposers in the theories of evolution?
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck and Charles Darwin
What are the two theories made by Lamarck?
Theory of “Use and Disuse” and “Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics”
What are the two theories made by Darwin?
Theory of “Descent of Modification” and “Natural Selection”
This is a theory which is describe as the organism acquires traits from its experimental genes, and traits are passed down.
Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
This is a theory which is described as all organisms are descended with changes from common ancestors.
Descent of Modification
This is a theory which is described as the increase survival and reproduction of individuals better adapted to the environment. (what)
Natural Selection
This is a theory which is described when an organ is used, it becomes stronger and more developed. If not, it becomes weaker and may wither away.
Use and Disuse
What is the book that Charles Darwin wrote?
Origin of Species by Natural Selection
Why do giraffes have longer necks than ancestors, according to Darwin?
This is because of overproduction, competition for food and the variation of length of neck exists naturally.
Who added the concept that the mutations in DNA are what cause organisms to change or have variations?
Hugo De Vries
Give four evidences of evolution.
Comparative Anatomy; Vestigial Structure; Embryology; Adaptation
Give the two kinds of comparative anatomy.
Homologous and Analogous Structures
This is defined as a structure that had a use before in an ancestor organism but has no use in a particular organism.
Vestigial Structure
This is the study of an organism from creation to birth.
Embryology
This is a trait that increases an organism’s chance of survival.
Adaptation
This structure is defined by similar shape but different function. Also, organisms defined by this structure share the same origin.
Homologous Structure
This structure is defined by different shape but similar function. Also, organisms defined by this structure have different origins.
Analogous Structure
Give at least 2 examples of Homologous Structure
Arms of humans and wings of bats
Give at least 2 examples of Analogous structure
Wings of hummingbird and wings of moth
Give at least 2 examples of Vestigial Structure
Appendix in humans and tiny leg bones in snakes
This has tails that vanish into their spines, gill slits to breathe that vanish into ears, and coats of hair that fall off at birth.
Embryo
Give the 3 types of adaptation
Defense Mechanism; Mimicry; Camouflage
This adaptation is defined by an organism’s ability to blend with the environment.
Camouflage
This adaptation is defined by a way of an organism to defend itself.
Defense Mechanism
This adaptation is defined by an organism copying the appearance of a more dangerous species.
Mimicry
This age is known as the old stone age. This is the start of hunting and humans are nomadic.
Paleolithic
This is any member of the family of 2-legged primates,
Hominids
Give the 4 known hominids…?
Australopithecus afarensis; Homo habilis; Homo erectus; Homo sapiens
This hominid is known as the wise man.
Homo sapiens
This hominid’s fossil is the oldest fossil found.
Australopithecus afarensis
Nickname for Australopithecus afarensis, height and also, location.
Lucy, 4ft tall and Ethiopia
This hominid is known as the man of skill. This is found in East Africa and they already created stone tools. They lived in caves.
Homo habilis
This hominid is known as the upright man. This is bipedal and they are the first to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. They are also the first to use fire.
Homo erectus
This division of Homo sapiens is known for their ability to bury the dead, to make clothes out of animal skin. They are more muscular, skulls are flattened and broader nose. They are capable of speech.
Neanderthals
This division of Homo sapiens has broader face and slightly larger brain. They used tools, made weapons, lived in huts, woven cloth, wore skins, made jewelries, used burial rituals and made cave paintings.
Cro-Magnon
