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Biology > KINGDOM ANIMALIA > Flashcards

KINGDOM ANIMALIA Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of guts that animals have?

A
  1. Sac Gut: Mouth & Anus = Same hole

2. Tube Gut: Mouth & Anus = Different hole

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2
Q

What is an advantage of segmentation?

A
  • Allows greater body mobility & flexibility
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3
Q

What is the coelm?

A
  • Body cavity (space) in between the gut & the body wall
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4
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A
  • Layer of mesoderm cells

- Line body cavity & gut & cover internal organs

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5
Q

What does Acoelomate mean?

A

No body cavity

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6
Q

What does Psuedocoelomate mean?

A

Body cavity but no peritoneum

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7
Q

What is body symmetry?

A

The body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of body symmetry?

A
  1. Asymmetry
  2. Bilateral symmetry
  3. Radial symmetry
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9
Q

Asymmetry:

A

No pattern (sponges, corals)

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10
Q

Radial symmetry:

A

Shaped like a wheel (jellyfish, starfish)

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11
Q

Bilateral symmetry:

A

Left & ride side (Humans, insects)

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12
Q

Invertebrate:

A

Do not have backbone

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13
Q

Vertebrates:

A

Have backbone or a notochord at some stage of life

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14
Q

What perfect of animals are invertebrates?

A

95%

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15
Q

What symmetry do sessile species have?

A

Radial

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16
Q

What does sessile mean?

A

Fixed in one place

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17
Q

What symmetry do mobile species have?

A

Bilateral

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18
Q

What are the different body sides?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Dorsal
Ventral

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19
Q

Anterior:

A

Toward the head

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20
Q

Posterior:

A

Toward the tail

21
Q

Dorsal:

A

Backside

22
Q

Ventral:

A

Bellyside

23
Q

What is Cephalization?

A

An anterior concentration of sense organs (to have a head)

24
Q

More advanced animals =

A

More cephalization

25
Q

Animal Development:

A
  • Animals begin life as Zygote (sperm fertilizes egg)
  • Cells in zygote divide (Mitosis) forming the blastula
  • Blastula pinches inward (Gastrulation)
  • Then forms Gastrula
26
Q

What is a Blastula?

A

A hollow ball of cells

27
Q

What is Gastrulation?

A

When the blastula pinches inwards

28
Q

Animal Development Sequence:

A

Zygote-Blastula-Gastrula

29
Q

What are the 3 germ layers formed from the gastrula?

A
  1. Ectoderm (outermost)
  2. Endoderm (innermost)
  3. Mesoderm (middle)
30
Q

What does the Ectoderm consist of?

A
  • sense organs, nerves & out layer of skin
31
Q

What does the Endoderm do?

A
  • develops into the lining of internal organs & ear canal
32
Q

What is the Mesoderm responsible for?

A
  • muscle, circulatory, reproductive & excretory systems
33
Q

What do lower invertebrates lack?

A

They have no mesoderm = no internal organ systems

34
Q

Higher animals =

A

Complex internal organ systems

35
Q

What are the advantages of an exoskeleton?

A

Muscles, organs & blood vessels are well protected

36
Q

What are the disadvantages of an exoskeleton?

A
  • Heavy
  • Does not grow w/ the insect
  • Periodically must be shed, leaving the insect vulnerable
37
Q

What is the tracheal respiration system?

A

A network of open tubes that reaches throughout the body & is connected directly to the atmosphere by spiracles

38
Q

How do spiders differ from insects?

A
  • Spiders have no antennae & the first pair of head appendages is modified for feeding, cephathorax has 4 pairs of legs
  • Insects have antennae, thorax has 3 pair of legs
39
Q

Why have more complex organisms such as mollusks had to develop gills to remove oxygen from the water?

A

The shells of mollusks & the body mass of larger animals makes it so that simple diffusion can’t transport a sufficient amount of oxygen to all body cells. Gills & lungs developed to provide animal w/ enough oxygen.

40
Q

3 factors that suggest Cephalopods are the most advanced mollusks

A
  1. Most cephalization of mollusks
  2. Highly developed brain w/ ganglia
  3. Image forming eyes
41
Q

What are the 3 classes of Mollusks?

A
  1. Gastropods
  2. Pelecypods
  3. Cephalopods
42
Q

What are characteristics of Phylum Mollusca?

A
  • True coelom

- Radula; used for feeding

43
Q

What are the 3 parts that all mollusks are composed of?

A
  1. Visceral Mass
  2. Foot
  3. Mantle
44
Q

What is the visceral mass?

A

Soft portion containing internal organs

45
Q

What is the foot?

A

Strong muscular portion for mobility

46
Q

What is the mantle?

A

For shelter & protection

47
Q

Gastropods:

A
  • Univalve
  • Move by muscular contraption
    (snails, slugs)
48
Q

Pelecypods:

A
  • Bivalve
  • 2 shells
  • Sedentary; foot used for digging
    (clams, oysters)
49
Q

Cephalopods:

A
  • Foot divided into tentacles/suckers to hold prey

octopi, squids

Biology (7 decks)

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