KINGDOM ANIMALIA Flashcards
What are the two types of guts that animals have?
- Sac Gut: Mouth & Anus = Same hole
2. Tube Gut: Mouth & Anus = Different hole
What is an advantage of segmentation?
- Allows greater body mobility & flexibility
What is the coelm?
- Body cavity (space) in between the gut & the body wall
What is the peritoneum?
- Layer of mesoderm cells
- Line body cavity & gut & cover internal organs
What does Acoelomate mean?
No body cavity
What does Psuedocoelomate mean?
Body cavity but no peritoneum
What is body symmetry?
The body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged
What are the 3 types of body symmetry?
- Asymmetry
- Bilateral symmetry
- Radial symmetry
Asymmetry:
No pattern (sponges, corals)
Radial symmetry:
Shaped like a wheel (jellyfish, starfish)
Bilateral symmetry:
Left & ride side (Humans, insects)
Invertebrate:
Do not have backbone
Vertebrates:
Have backbone or a notochord at some stage of life
What perfect of animals are invertebrates?
95%
What symmetry do sessile species have?
Radial
What does sessile mean?
Fixed in one place
What symmetry do mobile species have?
Bilateral
What are the different body sides?
Anterior
Posterior
Dorsal
Ventral
Anterior:
Toward the head
Posterior:
Toward the tail
Dorsal:
Backside
Ventral:
Bellyside
What is Cephalization?
An anterior concentration of sense organs (to have a head)
More advanced animals =
More cephalization
Animal Development:
- Animals begin life as Zygote (sperm fertilizes egg)
- Cells in zygote divide (Mitosis) forming the blastula
- Blastula pinches inward (Gastrulation)
- Then forms Gastrula
What is a Blastula?
A hollow ball of cells
What is Gastrulation?
When the blastula pinches inwards
Animal Development Sequence:
Zygote-Blastula-Gastrula
What are the 3 germ layers formed from the gastrula?
- Ectoderm (outermost)
- Endoderm (innermost)
- Mesoderm (middle)
What does the Ectoderm consist of?
- sense organs, nerves & out layer of skin
What does the Endoderm do?
- develops into the lining of internal organs & ear canal
What is the Mesoderm responsible for?
- muscle, circulatory, reproductive & excretory systems
What do lower invertebrates lack?
They have no mesoderm = no internal organ systems
Higher animals =
Complex internal organ systems
What are the advantages of an exoskeleton?
Muscles, organs & blood vessels are well protected
What are the disadvantages of an exoskeleton?
- Heavy
- Does not grow w/ the insect
- Periodically must be shed, leaving the insect vulnerable
What is the tracheal respiration system?
A network of open tubes that reaches throughout the body & is connected directly to the atmosphere by spiracles
How do spiders differ from insects?
- Spiders have no antennae & the first pair of head appendages is modified for feeding, cephathorax has 4 pairs of legs
- Insects have antennae, thorax has 3 pair of legs
Why have more complex organisms such as mollusks had to develop gills to remove oxygen from the water?
The shells of mollusks & the body mass of larger animals makes it so that simple diffusion can’t transport a sufficient amount of oxygen to all body cells. Gills & lungs developed to provide animal w/ enough oxygen.
3 factors that suggest Cephalopods are the most advanced mollusks
- Most cephalization of mollusks
- Highly developed brain w/ ganglia
- Image forming eyes
What are the 3 classes of Mollusks?
- Gastropods
- Pelecypods
- Cephalopods
What are characteristics of Phylum Mollusca?
- True coelom
- Radula; used for feeding
What are the 3 parts that all mollusks are composed of?
- Visceral Mass
- Foot
- Mantle
What is the visceral mass?
Soft portion containing internal organs
What is the foot?
Strong muscular portion for mobility
What is the mantle?
For shelter & protection
Gastropods:
- Univalve
- Move by muscular contraption
(snails, slugs)
Pelecypods:
- Bivalve
- 2 shells
- Sedentary; foot used for digging
(clams, oysters)
Cephalopods:
- Foot divided into tentacles/suckers to hold prey
octopi, squids
