Kingdom:Animalia

Question 1

Which animals make up one phylum out of the 35 phyla?

Answer 1

Mammals, reptiles, birds, fish, amphibians

Question 2

Invertebrates make up what percent of the animals and number of phyla?

Answer 2

95% and 34 phyla

Question 3

how many of the phyla consist of worms?

Answer 3

15-16 phyla which is over half

Question 4

the largest number of animal species that have been identified (800 000) are in what phylum?

Answer 4

Anthropoda which includes insects, spiders, lobsters and crabs

Question 5

In general what characteristics do all animals share?

Answer 5

They are eukaryotic.
They are multicellular organisms.
Their cells have no cell walls
They are heterotrophs
They usually ingest and then digest their food
They reproduce sexually and produce and embryo that undergoes stages of development.

Question 6

What are the Characteristics used to classify animals?

Answer 6

1) Levels of Organization
2) Number of Body Layers
3) Symmetry and Body Plans
4) Body Cavities
5) Segmentation
6) Movement
7) Reproduction

Question 7

Levels of Organization?

Answer 7

starts from the most simple and goes to the most complex.

Cell–>Cell Tissue–>Organ–>Organ System->organism

Question 8

Number of Body Layers?

Answer 8

Most animals have three body layers: endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm. with the exceptions of sponges (phylum poriferia) and in phylum Cnidaria (corals, hydras,jellyfish, and sea anenomes)

Question 9

Symmetry and Body Plans?

Answer 9

some animals have asymmetrical body plan
some have radial symmetry
some have bilateral symmetry

Question 10

what is asymmetry?

Answer 10

body shape is irregular. ex.sponges

Question 11

what is radial symmetry?

Answer 11

can be divided along any plane parallel with the body axis. ex. corals and jellyfish

Question 12

what is bilateral symmetry?

Answer 12

can be divided into two mirror halves along one plane through the central axis. ex.turtle

Question 13

Body Cavities?

Answer 13

Animals have their digestive tract and other organs suspended in a fluid-filled body cavity. ex.worms,molluscs and vertebrates

Question 14

what are worms, molluscs and vertebrates referred to as?

Answer 14

Acoelomates

Question 15

what is a fluid-filled body cavity that provides space for the development and suspension of organs and organ systems?

Answer 15

Coelom

Question 16

Segmentation?

Answer 16

the division of the body into repetitive sections or segments.

Question 17

Movement?

Answer 17

some animals are sessile or stationary as adults such as sponges and sea anemones. they live attached to one place like the bottom of the ocean, a rock or even the shell of another animal. like most animals, sessile animals have a body form that can move during juvenile stages of development

Question 18

Reproduction?

Answer 18

• most animals reproduce sexually, using gametic reproduction
• a zygote develops into a diploid organism, and the only haploid cells are eggs and sperms
• zygotes are produced by either external or internal fertilization
• some can produce asexually. for example, some species, such as aphids, alternate between sexual and asexual modes, reserving sexual reproduction for when environmental conditions deteriorate and tough conditions are likely to follow (to increase genetic diversity)

Question 19

occurs when the egg and sperm combine inside the female body

Answer 19

Internal Fertilization

Question 20

what phylum is described as the following:

• most primitive amimals
• found in marine and fresh water
• asymmetrical body plan
• no tissues or organs
• only TWO cell layers
• if you tear it apart, the pieces can reform back into its original shape
• sessile adults
• filter feeders:filter nutrients out of water (diffusion)

Answer 20

Invertebrate Animals: Phylum Porifera (sponges)

Question 21

occurs when gametes combine outside the body. common among aquatic environments ex fish and amphibians

Answer 21

External Fertilization

Question 22

occurs when the egg and sperm combine inside the female body

Answer 22

Internal Fertilization

Question 23

Which Phylum can be described as the following:

• least complex (most primitive) worms
• no coelom, but 3 cell layers
• have a distinct head end
• simple nervous system, with a brain-like concentration of cells including an eyespot at the head end
• includes parasite tapeworms, flukes and free-living planarians (found on ponds)

Answer 23

Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

Question 24

which Phylum can be described as the following:

• includes roundworms, hookworms, heartworms
• can be parasitic or free-living (soil)

Answer 24

Phylum Nematoda

Question 25

Which Phylum has: - two layers of cells - has tissues including muscle and nervous tissues - radial symmetry - stinging tentacles around their mouth opening - two body forms:polyp and medusa - only one hole, food goes in and out - a gastro vascular cavity (like a stomach) where the food is digested - some have to swim to capture prey - a very primitive digestive system -includes: hydras, jellyfish,sea anenomes and coral

Answer 25

Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata

Question 26

which Class in Phylum Chordata can be described with the following: - tetrapods - endothermic - four chambered hearts - lay shelled eggs - lungs and air sacs - hallow bones(light weight) - feathered wings - toothless skull - internal fertilization

Answer 26

Class Aves (birds)

Question 27

what does Endothermic mean?

Answer 27

Warm-blooded

Question 28

what is the significance of a four chambered heart?

Answer 28

humans have it. | There is no mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Question 29

Earliest Record of what class in Phylum Chordata was 150 million years ago?

Answer 29

Class Aves

Question 30

Dinosaurs were first recorded being around how many years ago?

Answer 30

250 million years ago

Question 31

Which Class from Phylum Chordata was first discovered 300 million years ago?

Answer 31

Class Reptilia

Question 32

Which class in Phylum Chordata can be described as follows: - includes:lizards and snakes, turtles, crocodillians and alligators - first internal fertilization - leathery-shelled egg, called amniotic egg - ectotherms - have a three-chambered heart and are tetrapods - have scales that create a waterproof barrier that helps prevent dehydration in dry air - most use only lungs to breathe - a few species of this class, especially those that live in colder environments give birth to live offspring instead of laying eggs (i.e. garter snake)

Answer 32

Class Reptilia

Question 33

Which class has species where the incubation temperature determines the sex of the offspring?

Answer 33

Class Reptilia. Scientists knowing this will go and scoop up the eggs and out them in an incubator at a set temperature so they will all become females to help increase genetic diversity

Question 34

Which Class in Phylum Chordata can be described as follows: - females secrete milk to feed their young through mammary glands - endothermic - must have hair or fur - have four-chambered hearts - internal fertilization - have highly developed brains - breathe with lungs - three main groups: montremes, marsupials, placental

Answer 34

Class Mammalia

Question 35

a skeletal remain of a shrew was found in china about 160 million years ago was found. what Class was this in?

Answer 35

Class Mammalia

Question 36

What are montremes?

Answer 36

Egg-laying mammals ex.duck-billed Platypus and echidria (found only in Australia and New Guinea)

Question 37

What are Marsupials?

Answer 37

Pouched mammals ex.Kangaroos and Koalas | Found mostly in Australia but North America has one marsupial: the opossum

Question 38

What is Placental?

Answer 38

Have a placenta includes bears, bats, whales, primates and humans great diversity in species and structure

Question 39

What is a placenta?

Answer 39

an organ in the pregnant uterus that exchanges nutrients and oxygen between the mother and developing offspring

Question 40

Which Class in Phylum Chordata can be described as: -were the first tetrapods -cold blooded -includes frogs, toads, salamanders, and newts -external fertilization -have a three chambered heart -3 methods of breathing: ~as tadpoles they have gills ~they have lungs ~they breathe through their skin (in winter, while hibernating)

Answer 40

Class Amphibia

Question 41

What does Amphibian mean and why?

Answer 41

it means dual life because they are tied to both land and water

Question 42

what amount of amphibians are endangered?

Answer 42

1/3

Question 43

What does tetrapod mean?

Answer 43

a vertebrate with two pairs of limbs

Question 44

Half of the vertebrate species are what?

Answer 44

Fish

Question 45

all fish have what three things?

Answer 45

Cold-blooded external fertilization two-chambered heart

Question 46

what are the three main groups of fish?

Answer 46

1) lampreys and hagfish 2) sharks and rays 3) bony fish

Question 47

What group of fish have paired fins and have jaws and a swim bladder and were developed 400 years ago?

Answer 47

Bony Fish

Question 48

Which group of fish have paired fins and jaws are made of only cartilage and were developed around 400 years ago?

Answer 48

Sharks and Rays

Question 49

Which group of fish are the oldest group (up to 500 million years old), dont have a jaw or paired fins or a bony skeleton and have gills to obtain dissolved oxygen from water?

Answer 49

Lampreys and Hagfish

Question 50

How do Lampreys feed?

Answer 50

The lampreys mouth is like a suction cup and they "drill" a hole into the fish then suck everything out of it making them a parasite.

Question 51

How do hagfish feed?

Answer 51

they are scavengers because they wait for fish to die before eating them and can go up to 6 months without feeding

Question 52

what is a notochord?

Answer 52

it is a flexible, rod-shaped structure found in chordate animals. during vertebrate development is is replaced by the spine. in most vertebrates animals, the notocord forms in the embryo. during the development, the nerve chord becomes the brain and spinal cord which are eventually enclosed in the skill and spine respectively. all chordate have a notocord at some point in their lives

Question 53

5% of all animals are in Chordata. what are the other 95%?

Answer 53

Invertebrates

Question 54

All chordates also have a dorsal nerve cord. what is that?

Answer 54

A tube-shaped cord that extends along the back of the body (in the spine)

Question 55

which Phylum can be described as: - including spiders, scorpions, crustaceans and insects - have jointed legs - bodies divided into segments - have a hard exoskeleton made out of protein and chitin and is periodically shed or molted as the animal grows - exoskeleton protects them and prevents them from drying out allowing them to conquer land - largest animal phylum

Answer 55

Phylum Anthropoda

Question 56

what does Arthropod mean?

Answer 56

jointed foot

Question 57

what is an exoskeleton?

Answer 57

an external skeleton that protects organs, provides support for muscle attachment and protects against water loss and predation

Question 58

Anthropoda has 4 main groups/classes. what are they?

Answer 58

Arachnida:includes spiders, mites and scorpions Myriapoda: milipedes and centipedes Crustacea: crabs, lobstes, shrimps, barnacles and saw bugs (they are the only terrestrial crustaceans) insecta: beetles, bees, butterflies, moths, ants and flies

Question 59

Which Phylum can be described as: - including sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers and sand dollars - they are all marine animals - have radial symetry, spiny endoskeletons and tube feet/water vascular systems - some can regenerate limbs - move nutrients through the body by diffusion - no brain, head or eyes but they have nerve cells

Answer 59

Phylum Echinerdermata

Question 60

Starfish?

Answer 60

have a rasping organ:spike-like. punctures shells - pushes stomach into other shell inside out to absorb nutrients from the shell - uses its stomach acid to liquefy the shells insides then sucks up the nutrients all at once with it takes the stomach back (almost through diffusion)

Question 61

sea cucumbers

Answer 61

internal organs are shot out of their mouths (often creating a bad smell and black cloud) in order to get away

Question 62

Collapse of fishing market

Answer 62

sea otters ate sea urchins, sea urchins eat kelp

Question 63

Which phylum can be described as: -second most-diverse animal phylum with about 100 000 species -have bilateral symmetry, three cell layers, a coelom, and two body openings soft body with a hard shell (animals like slugs have a hard shell internally) -have a mantle that surrounds the internal organs and secretes calcium carbonate for the shell -have all the organ systems -have a muscular foot (usually used for movement) -some have well developed eyes and other sense organs -some have relatively large brain and are capable of learning tasks (octopus) -can camouflage themselves(octopus) -snails and slugs are hermaphrodites

Answer 63

Phylum Mollusca

Question 64

what are the three main classes in phylum mollusca?

Answer 64

1) Bivalvia: clams, mussels, oysters, scallops 2) Gastropoda: shelled snails and non-shelled slugs 3) Cephalopoda:octopuses, squids and cuttlefish

Question 65

Which Phylum can be described as: - having long tube-like bodies that are divided into a series of ringed segments - the first coelomates - distinct head end - has most of the organ systems: digestive, circulatory, excretory, nervous and reproductive - 3 cell layers - includes earthworms and leeches - have red blood because of hemoglobin - have 5 pairs of aortic arches - blood vessels (veins, arteries, capillaries) - breathe through their skin (diffusion) - need most skin or they cant breathe - have setae on the sides of their bodies to help them move - are hermaphrodites

Answer 65

Phylum Annelida (segmented worms)

Question 66

what will drown during rainy weather in their burrows?

Answer 66

segmented worms

Question 67

how to segmented worms reproduce?

Answer 67

``` each worm has both the ovaries and testies. both worms involved get pregnant lay eggs (coocons) then hatches into little worms ```

Question 68

What is a ganglia?

Answer 68

a brain-like concentration of cells including an eyespot at the head end