Kinetic theory Flashcards
why do gases exert pressure?
molecules move at high speed and hit the walls of the container. This creates a force on the container walls and since p = f over a there is a pressure on the walls of the container
how do you increase pressure?
increase force
decrease area
how do you reduce pressure?
decrease force
increase area
how are particles arranged in a solid?
close together - regular arrangement
how are particles arranged in a liquid?
close together - random arrangement
how are particles arranged in a gas?
far apart
how do the particles in a solid move?
vibrate on the spot
how do the particles in a liquid move?
move around each other
how do the particles in a gas move?
quickly in all directions
what is Boyle’s law?
increasing pressure means that volume will decrease providing that temperature stays constant
what is absolute zero?
-273*, when molecules stop moving and gas does not exert pressure in any way
what does temperature in degrees Celsius =?
temperature in Kelvin -273
what does temperature in Kelvin =?
temperature in *c +273
what is a change in state?
when a solid goes to liquid or liquid turns to gas due to heating
what changes during a change in state?
the closeness and motion of the particles in a substance
what happens when a substance is heated?
the particles internal energy increases, and movement increases. Bonds between particles break and they change in state
what is the conservation of mass?
when during a change in state the chemical nature of the substance and the mass stays the same
what is the relationship between pressure and temperature?
it is proportional
what happens if particles gain kinetic energy?
more collisions per second
what happens less frequently when a solid turns to a liquid than when a liquid turns to a gas?
less bonds are broken and therefore more energy is needed to turn a liquid to a gas than a solid to a liquid
what is specific heat capacity?
the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1*c
what is specific latent heat capacity of fusion?
the amount of heat needed to change 1kg of a solid into 1kg of liquid at a constant temperature
what is specific latent heat capacity of vaoprisation?
the amount of heat energy needed to change 1kg of liquid into 1kg of vapour at a constant temperature
why is latent heat hidden?
it does not cause a temperature rise
