Kinetic theory

Question 1

why do gases exert pressure?

Answer 1

molecules move at high speed and hit the walls of the container. This creates a force on the container walls and since p = f over a there is a pressure on the walls of the container

Question 2

how do you increase pressure?

Answer 2

increase force

decrease area

Question 3

how do you reduce pressure?

Answer 3

decrease force

increase area

Question 4

how are particles arranged in a solid?

Answer 4

close together - regular arrangement

Question 5

how are particles arranged in a liquid?

Answer 5

close together - random arrangement

Question 6

how are particles arranged in a gas?

Answer 6

far apart

Question 7

how do the particles in a solid move?

Answer 7

vibrate on the spot

Question 8

how do the particles in a liquid move?

Answer 8

move around each other

Question 9

how do the particles in a gas move?

Answer 9

quickly in all directions

Question 10

what is Boyle’s law?

Answer 10

increasing pressure means that volume will decrease providing that temperature stays constant

Question 11

what is absolute zero?

Answer 11

-273*, when molecules stop moving and gas does not exert pressure in any way

Question 12

what does temperature in degrees Celsius =?

Answer 12

temperature in Kelvin -273

Question 13

what does temperature in Kelvin =?

Answer 13

temperature in *c +273

Question 14

what is a change in state?

Answer 14

when a solid goes to liquid or liquid turns to gas due to heating

Question 15

what changes during a change in state?

Answer 15

the closeness and motion of the particles in a substance

Question 16

what happens when a substance is heated?

Answer 16

the particles internal energy increases, and movement increases. Bonds between particles break and they change in state

Question 17

what is the conservation of mass?

Answer 17

when during a change in state the chemical nature of the substance and the mass stays the same

Question 18

what is the relationship between pressure and temperature?

Answer 18

it is proportional

Question 19

what happens if particles gain kinetic energy?

Answer 19

more collisions per second

Question 20

what happens less frequently when a solid turns to a liquid than when a liquid turns to a gas?

Answer 20

less bonds are broken and therefore more energy is needed to turn a liquid to a gas than a solid to a liquid

Question 21

what is specific heat capacity?

Answer 21

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1*c

Question 22

what is specific latent heat capacity of fusion?

Answer 22

the amount of heat needed to change 1kg of a solid into 1kg of liquid at a constant temperature

Question 23

what is specific latent heat capacity of vaoprisation?

Answer 23

the amount of heat energy needed to change 1kg of liquid into 1kg of vapour at a constant temperature

Question 24

why is latent heat hidden?

Answer 24

it does not cause a temperature rise