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GCSE physics > generating and distributing electricity > Flashcards

generating and distributing electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

what is kinetic energy?

A

energy stored in the movement of an object

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2
Q

what is gravitational potential energy?

A

energy stored because of an objects position above the ground

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3
Q

what is elastic potential energy?

A

energy stored because of a change of shape of an object

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4
Q

what is chemical energy?

A

energy in a chemical compound

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5
Q

what is heat energy?

A

energy given off my hot or warm object

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6
Q

what is light energy?

A

energy that can be seen

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7
Q

what is sound energy?

A

energy of vibrating solids, liquids and gases

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8
Q

what is electrical energy?

A

energy carried by a flow of electricity

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9
Q

what is nuclear energy?

A

energy stored in the structure of an atom, released in nuclear reactions

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10
Q

what is the rule about energy?

A

energy cannot be made or destroyed it can only be transferred into other types of energy

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11
Q

what is electrical energy easily transferred into?

A

heat, light, sound and kinetic energy

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12
Q

in a Sankey diagram what does the input energy equal to?

A

the output energy

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13
Q

what is the term for a lot of wasted energy?

A

inefficiency

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14
Q

what are non-renewable energy sources?

A

ones that cannot be replaced and so will run out

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15
Q

what examples of non-renewable energy sources are there?

A

coal, oil, gas and nuclear

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16
Q

how was coal formed?

A

dead trees falling which were eventually buried under layer after layer of earth and rock

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17
Q

how was oil formed?

A

plankton and dead sea creatures falling to the sea bed and becoming buried

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18
Q

how was gas formed?

A

a by-product of formation of coal

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19
Q

how was nuclear formed?

A

found under earths surface which emit radiation and are dangerous if not handled correctly

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20
Q

what is the primary energy source for all living things?

A

the sun

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21
Q

what is a renewable energy source?

A

one that is easily replaced and will not run out. They are sustainable

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22
Q

how is energy created by wind?

A

turbines situated onshore on hills or offshore

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23
Q

how is energy created by photovoltaic cells?

A

solar panels

24
Q

how is energy created by biomass?

A

burned wood or organic waste

25
Q

how is energy created by wave?

A

‘nodding ducks’ used to change the movement of waves into spinning movements

26
Q

how is energy created by tidal?

A

tide comes in and water is trapped behind is barrage and when tide goes out it is released

27
Q

how is energy created by hydroelectric power?

A

water is stored in an upper reservoir and flows down to lower reservoirs through pipes. water is pumped at certain times

28
Q

how is energy created by geothermal power?

A

hot rocks beneath the earths surface can be used to heat water to produce steam which can turn a turbine

29
Q

how is electricity generated in a non-renewable power station?

A

energy sources are burned to heat water to produce steam which then turns a turbine. The turbine turns a generator which produces electricity

30
Q

what are the energy changes that occur in a power station?

A

chemical –> heat –> kinetic –> electrical

fuel –> boiler/ steam –> turbine –> generator

31
Q

how is electricity generated in a renewable power station?

A

biomass is burned to heat water which produces steam to turn a turbine which turns a generator to produce electricity
wind - turns turbine directly
waves - turns turbine directly due to tide
hydroelectric - turns turbine directly
tidal - turns directly

32
Q

what are the advantages of coal?

A

has a high reliable output

33
Q

what are the disadvantages of coal?

A

high - commissioning, running, fuel and decommissioning costs
produces CO2 and SO2 which adds to global warming and acid rain
long start up time

34
Q

what are the advantages of oil?

A

reliable output
high output per unit mass
short start up time

35
Q

what are the disadvantages of oil?

A

high - commissioning, running, fuel and decommissioning costs
produces CO2 and SO2 and oil spillages

36
Q

what are the advantages of gas?

A

reliable output
high output per unit mass
short start up time

37
Q

what are the disadvantages of gas?

A

high - commissioning, running, fuel and decommissioning costs
produces CO2

38
Q

what are the advantages of nuclear?

A

high reliable out put per unit mass
low fuel cost
no CO2 or SO2 because nothing is burned

39
Q

what are the disadvantages of nuclear?

A

high - commissioning, running and decommissioning costs
radioactive waste that stays active for thousands of years which can leak and cause disasters
long start up time

40
Q

what are the advantages of biomass?

A

reliable output

high output per unit mass

41
Q

what are the disadvantages of biomass?

A

high - commissioning, running and decommissioning costs

produces CO2 but is carbon neutral, habitats destroyed

42
Q

what are the advantages of wind?

A

low running costs

no fuel costs

43
Q

what are the disadvantages of wind?

A

high commissioning costs
not a reliable output
produces noise and is an eyesore
low output

44
Q

what are the advantages of solar?

A

low running costs

no fuel costs

45
Q

what are the disadvantages of solar?

A

high commissioning costs
not a reliable output
low output power

46
Q

what are the advantages of wave?

A

low running costs

no fuel costs

47
Q

what are the disadvantages of wave?

A

high commissioning costs
not reliable
low output power
interferes with shipping and marine life

48
Q

what are the advantages of tidal?

A

low running costs
no fuel costs
high output power
reliable output

49
Q

what are the disadvantages of tidal?

A

high commissioning costs

migration of fish and silting

50
Q

what are the advantages of hydroelectric?

A 
low running costs 
no fuel costs 
reliable output 
high output 
fast start up time
51
Q

what are the disadvantages of hydroelectric?

A

destroys habitats

high commissioning costs

52
Q

what is the national grid?

A

network of cables that connect power stations to station consumers

53
Q

what is a step up transformer?

A

increase the voltage which decreases current so less heat is lost through the cables

54
Q

what is a step down transformer?

A

decreases voltage for safe distribution

55
Q

what is baseload?

A

electricity that is always generated

56
Q

why do certain times peak?

A

more electricity being used

57
Q

why is the national grid reliable?

A

if one power station breaks down electricity is still produced
all power stations are connected to the national grid
can meet varying demand

GCSE physics (8 decks)

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