Kinetic Theory Flashcards
Kinetic Theory of Matter
“Matter is made up of tiny particles in constant motion.”
States of Matter
“Solid, Liquid, Gas”
Solid State
“Particles are closely packed with strong cohesive forces.”
Liquid State
“Particles are less closely packed, can slide past each other.”
Gaseous State
“Particles are far apart, move freely at high speeds.”
Change of State
“Caused by changes in temperature (heating or cooling).”
Melting
“Solid to liquid when heated, particles gain kinetic energy.”
Evaporation
“Liquid to gas, occurs at all temperatures.”
Vapour Pressure
“Pressure exerted by vapor in a closed container.”
Boiling
“Vapour pressure equals atmospheric pressure, bubbles form.”
Freezing
“Liquid to solid when cooled.”
Condensation
“Gas to liquid when cooled.”
Latent Heat of Fusion
“Heat absorbed during melting (no temperature change).”
Latent Heat of Vaporization
“Heat absorbed during boiling (no temperature change).”
Brownian Movement
“Random movement of particles in a fluid.”
Diffusion
“Movement of particles from high to low concentration.”
Osmosis
“Diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane.”
Boyle’s Law
“Volume of gas is inversely proportional to pressure (at constant temperature).”
Charles’s Law
Volume of gas is directly proportional to temperature (at constant pressure)
Kelvin Scale
“Absolute temperature scale, 0 K = -273 °C”
Gas Pressure
“Force exerted by gas particles per unit area of the container walls.”
Boyle’s Law (Equation)
“p1V1 = p2V2”
Charles’s Law (Concept)
“Volume of a gas is proportional to its absolute temperature (at constant pressure).”
Absolute Zero
“Theoretically the lowest possible temperature, -273°C or 0 K.”
Kelvin to Celsius Conversion
“°C = K - 273”
Celsius to Kelvin Conversion
“K = °C + 273”
Ideal Gas
“A theoretical gas that perfectly obeys the gas laws.”
Real Gas
“Gases that deviate from ideal behavior under certain conditions.”
Diffusion in Gases
“Fast due to high kinetic energy and weak cohesive forces.”
Diffusion in Liquids
“Slower than gases due to lower kinetic energy and stronger cohesive forces.”
Diffusion in Solids
“Extremely slow due to strong cohesive forces and fixed particle positions.”
Semi-permeable Membrane
“A membrane that allows certain molecules to pass through but not others.”
Equilibrium (Evaporation/Condensation)
“Rate of evaporation equals rate of condensation in a closed system.”
Saturated Vapor Pressure
“The constant vapor pressure at equilibrium.”
Volatile Liquid
A liquid that evaporates easily.
