KinesiologyQuiz3Weeks8-10 Flashcards
Inominate
union of ilium, pubis, and ischium; anterior connection is the pubic symphysis, posterior connection is the sacrum (SI joint)
What populations commonly injure the acetabular joint?
young (dislocation) and elderly (degenerative)
During standing, what is the alignment of the inominate?
ASIS to pubic tubercle (lateral view - sagittal plane view)
Where does the inguinal ligament attach?
pubic tubercle on the pubis
Pubic Symphysis
completes anterior pelvic ring, hyaline cartilage (synarthrosis - relatively immobile), stress relief - walking, childbirth (moves slightly)
What separates the greater sciatic and lesser sciatic notch?
ischial spine
Femur - Angle of Inclination
angle within the frontal plane for optimal alignment of joint surfaces, normal angle is 125 degrees, starts larger, in coxa valga, but decreases due to loading (SAID)
Femur
longest and strongest bone, convex head, natural valgus at knee, bowing effect - anterior convexity, linea aspera - prominent line muscular attachment of v. medialis & v. intermedius
Coxa Vara
angle of inclination markedly less than 125 degrees, stress fractures in neck in elderly, sharp angle causes femur to rotates medially in the frontal plane to compensate sharp angle (more fractures in femoral neck)
Coxa Valga
angle of inclination markedly greater than 125 degrees, arthritis common because acetabulum is not sharing forces, femur rotates laterally in the frontal plane to compensate large angle (more dislocations)
Femur - Torsion Angle
normal anteversion - 15 degrees, anything markedly greater is excessive anteversion and markedly less is retroversion
Femur Torsion Angle Compensatory Mechanisms
abnormal anteversion - in-toeing; retroversion - out-toeing
What type of bone primarily occupies the femoral head and why?
cancellous bone, absorbs stress
The femoral head contacts the acetabulum surface through what structure?
lunate surface - thickest cartilage is along the superior-anterior to the fovea
What is the primary function of the lunate surface?
flattens slightly as the acetabular notch widens slightly, thereby increasing contact area as a means to reduce peak pressure
What is the fovea?
pit that contains ligamentum teres & branch of the obturator artery (some vascularity), most vascularity is through the joint capsule
Why could avascular necrosis of the femoral neck and head occur?
because most of the vascularity in this region is in the joint capsule rather than the bone itself
Describe the change in the area of joint surface contact during swing phase to mid stance phase of walking.
20% of the lunate surface during the swing phase to about 98% during the mid stance phase
Acetabular Alignment
acetabulum projects laterally from the pelvis with a varying amount of inferior and anterior tilt
Center Edge Angle
extent to which acetabulum covers femoral head within frontal plane, 35-40 degrees is normal, lower angle = increased risk of dislocation
Acetabular Anteversion Angle
extent acetabulum surrounds femoral head in horizontal plane, normal is 20 degrees, high angle = anterior hip dislocation
Which ligaments reinforce the hip joint capsule?
iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral
Iliofemoral Ligament
Y ligament, thick and strong, taut in extension & lateral fibers with external rotation, femoral head rests on it during full extension
Pubofemoral Ligament
taut with hip abduction and extension