Kinesiology Week 9

Question 1

What is included in the axial skeleton?

Answer 1

cranium, vertebral spine, ribs, and sternum

Question 2

What does the cranium do?

Answer 2

protect the brain

Question 3

What does the vertebral column and ribs do?

Answer 3

protect the spinal cord and internal organs

Question 4

What is included in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 4

extremities including clavicle, scapula, pelvis, and extremities

Question 5

What are the 8 cranium bones?

Answer 5

frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

Question 6

Know the vertebral column!

Question 7

The spine is composed of _______, also known as the building blocks of the spine

Answer 7

vertebrae

Question 8

What does the vertebral column do?

Answer 8

provides vertebral stability throughout the trunk, protects the spinal cord, the ventral and dorsal nerve roots and existing spinal nerve roots

Question 9

White matter

Answer 9

-surrounds the gray matter in the spinal cord
-made up of axons and neurons (nervous fibers)
-it ensures the transmission of nervous impulses between the spinal nerves and the brain

Question 10

Gray matter

Answer 10

-makes an H in the center of the spinal cord, is mainly made up of the cell bodies of neurons
-responsible for processing information, it acts by emitting a rapid motor response (reflex) when it receives certain sensory messages

Question 11

Epidural space

Answer 11

-cavity filled with adipose tissue and blood vessels
-protects the spinal cord from traumas

Question 12

Vertebral canal

Answer 12

-space through which the spinal cord passes
-filled with cerebrospinal fluid, which serves to protext the spinal cord from shocks and infections

Question 13

Spinal nerve

Answer 13

-attached to the spinal cord by sensory and motor roots

Question 14

False ribs

Answer 14

not attached to the sternum, instead are attached to other ribs via cartilage

Question 15

What are the different parts of the vertebrae and what do they do for function?

Answer 15

why is the cervical region the smallest? produces most movement, not as much weight

Question 16

Posterior rib

Answer 16

the head and the tubercle of the rib articulate with a thoracic vertebra forming two synovial costovertebral joints

Question 17

What are the two synovial costovertebral joints?

Answer 17

costocorporeal
costotransverse

Question 18

Spinal bend

Answer 18

forward bend, backward bend
piviting on disks, facet joints where the transverse processes are articulating together
forward bend the transverse processes go further apart
backward bend the transverse processes go closer together

Question 19

Herniated disc

Answer 19

-disk between vertebrae, encased with hard surface, made of gelatinous material
-if rupture in disk, jelly comes out and compresses on nerve roots

Question 20

What is the trunk made of?

Answer 20

the body of the person
sternum
ribs
pelvis

Question 21

Spine

Answer 21

cervical lordosis
thoracic kyphosis
lumbar lordosis
sacrococcygeal kyphosis

Question 22

Where does movement begin?

Answer 22

C1

Question 23

Cervical flexion

Answer 23

occipital bone rolling anteriorly
slide and roll, occipital bone rolling into flexion,

Question 24

Cervical flexion

Answer 24

occipital bone is rolling back on atlas, intercervical region sliding posteriorly

Question 25

Cervical flexion and extension occurs in what plane and axis?

Answer 25

Sagittal plane
Frontal axis

Question 26

Cervical protraction and retraction (flexion and extension)

Answer 26

retraction: lower to mid cervical spine extending, flexion of occipital bone on atlas

Question 27

What plane and axis is cervical rotation?

Answer 27

transverse
longitudinal

Question 28

lateral flexion

Question 29

Thoracolumbar extension

Answer 29

greater extension through the lumbar spine
(35 to 40 degrees of extension, most from the lumbar)

Question 30

Thoracolumbar flexion

Answer 30

35 degrees at thoracic, 50 degrees or so at lumbar

Question 31

Thoracolumbar lateral flexion

Question 32

Lumbopelvic rhythm

Answer 32

45 degrees of lumbar flexion and 60 degrees of hip flexion

Question 33

Pelvic tilt
Anterior and posterior