Kinesiology Week 9 Flashcards
What is included in the axial skeleton?
cranium, vertebral spine, ribs, and sternum
What does the cranium do?
protect the brain
What does the vertebral column and ribs do?
protect the spinal cord and internal organs
What is included in the appendicular skeleton?
extremities including clavicle, scapula, pelvis, and extremities
What are the 8 cranium bones?
frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid
Know the vertebral column!
The spine is composed of _______, also known as the building blocks of the spine
vertebrae
What does the vertebral column do?
provides vertebral stability throughout the trunk, protects the spinal cord, the ventral and dorsal nerve roots and existing spinal nerve roots
White matter
-surrounds the gray matter in the spinal cord
-made up of axons and neurons (nervous fibers)
-it ensures the transmission of nervous impulses between the spinal nerves and the brain
Gray matter
-makes an H in the center of the spinal cord, is mainly made up of the cell bodies of neurons
-responsible for processing information, it acts by emitting a rapid motor response (reflex) when it receives certain sensory messages
Epidural space
-cavity filled with adipose tissue and blood vessels
-protects the spinal cord from traumas
Vertebral canal
-space through which the spinal cord passes
-filled with cerebrospinal fluid, which serves to protext the spinal cord from shocks and infections
Spinal nerve
-attached to the spinal cord by sensory and motor roots
False ribs
not attached to the sternum, instead are attached to other ribs via cartilage
What are the different parts of the vertebrae and what do they do for function?
why is the cervical region the smallest? produces most movement, not as much weight
Posterior rib
the head and the tubercle of the rib articulate with a thoracic vertebra forming two synovial costovertebral joints
What are the two synovial costovertebral joints?
costocorporeal
costotransverse
Spinal bend
forward bend, backward bend
piviting on disks, facet joints where the transverse processes are articulating together
forward bend the transverse processes go further apart
backward bend the transverse processes go closer together
Herniated disc
-disk between vertebrae, encased with hard surface, made of gelatinous material
-if rupture in disk, jelly comes out and compresses on nerve roots
What is the trunk made of?
the body of the person
sternum
ribs
pelvis
Spine
cervical lordosis
thoracic kyphosis
lumbar lordosis
sacrococcygeal kyphosis
Where does movement begin?
C1
Cervical flexion
occipital bone rolling anteriorly
slide and roll, occipital bone rolling into flexion,
Cervical flexion
occipital bone is rolling back on atlas, intercervical region sliding posteriorly
Cervical flexion and extension occurs in what plane and axis?
Sagittal plane
Frontal axis
Cervical protraction and retraction (flexion and extension)
retraction: lower to mid cervical spine extending, flexion of occipital bone on atlas
What plane and axis is cervical rotation?
transverse
longitudinal
lateral flexion
Thoracolumbar extension
greater extension through the lumbar spine
(35 to 40 degrees of extension, most from the lumbar)
Thoracolumbar flexion
35 degrees at thoracic, 50 degrees or so at lumbar
Thoracolumbar lateral flexion
Lumbopelvic rhythm
45 degrees of lumbar flexion and 60 degrees of hip flexion
Pelvic tilt
Anterior and posterior
