Kinesiology Week 3 (complete) Flashcards
1
Q
What is force?
A
an influence that causes an object to undergo a certain change
2
Q
What is inertia?
A
an objects resistance to a change in its state of motion or rest
3
Q
What is mass?
A
the quantity of matter in an object
4
Q
The more mass, the _______ resistance to change
a. more
b. less
A
A. more
5
Q
What is vector?
A
a force with direction and magnitude
6
Q
What is friction?
A
a force that resists the relative motion of two surfaces
7
Q
How can friction be applied to OT?
A
important when trying to simplify or increase the complexity of movement (naked body on wood vs. plastic)
8
Q
What is velocity?
A
the rate of change of position (speed plus direction)(50 meters per second)
9
Q
Momentum is the product of?
a. speed and mass
b. speed and direction
c. mass and velocity
d. velocity and speed
A
C. mass and velocity
10
Q
What is gravity?
A
Force that attracts the body toward the center of the earth
11
Q
How does gravity relate to OT?
A
Manuel Muscle Testing!!!! (against gravity, with gravity, gravity eliminated)
12
Q
What is newtons first law of motion?
A
law of inertia: an object at rest tends to stay at rest while an object in motion tends to stay in motion
13
Q
What is newtons second law of motion?
A
law of acceleration: the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force acting on it and is inversely proportional to its mass
14
Q
What is newtons third law of motion?
A
law of action reaction: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
15
Q
What is the definition of strength?
A
the force of torque produced by a muscle during maximum voluntary contraction based on the demands placed on the muscle
16
Q
Strength is directly related to the amount of ____ a muscle can produce
a. force
b. tension
c. both
A
B. tension
17
Q
What is functional strength?
A
the use of the muscles in a smooth, coordinated manner during functional and real-world tasks and activity
18
Q
What is endurance?
A
the ability to maintain a force over time or for a set number of contractions/repetitions
19
Q
What are two factors that influence strength?
A
age and gender
20
Q
At what age do individuals hit peak strength?
A
20-30 years old
21
Q
True or False: Muscular endurance is maintained less than muscle strength or power
A
False, muscular endurance is maintained BETTER
22
Q
What type of motor neurons cause the muscle to contract?
a. alpha
b. beta
A
A. alpha
23
Q
What is contractility?
A
the ability to produce tension between the ends of two bones to produce a pull, as when a muscle contracts
24
Q
What is muscle irritability?
A
excitability, the ability of the muscle to respond to stimuli and transmit impulses
25
What is muscle extensibility?
distensibility, it can be lengthened or stretched by a force outside the muscle (PROM)
26
What is muscle elasticity?
the ability of a muscle to recoil
27
What is the name for the band or sheet of connective tissue beneath the skin that attaches, stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscles?
a. fascia
b. epimysium
c. fascicle
d. endomysium
A. Fascia
28
What is the name for the sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a muscle?
a. fascia
b. epimysium
c. fascicle
d. endomysium
B. epimysium
29
What is the name for a bundle of muscle fibers?
a. fascia
b. epimysium
c. fascicle
d. endomysium
C. fascicle
30
What is the name for a wispy layer or connective tissue that ensheaths each individual myocyte?
a. fascia
b. epimysium
c. fascicle
d. endomysium
D. endomysium
31
What is the name for each individual muscle fiber or muscle cell?
a. fascia
b. epimysium
c. myocyte
d. endomysium
C. myocyte
32
What is the name for the muscle fibers cell membrane?
a. sarcolemma
b. epimysium
c. myocyte
d. endomysium
A. sarcolemma
33
What is the name for something that is composed of many fibrils and gives the cell its straited appearance?
a. myocyte
b. muscle fiber
c. fascicle
d. sarcomere
B. muscle fiber
34
The function of the _________ is to perform muscle contraction via the sliding-filament model
a. myocyte
b. sarcomere
c. myofibril
d. endomysium
C. myofibril
35
What is the basic contractile unit of the muscle made up of myosin and actin?
a. fascia
b. sarcomere
c. myofimalent
d. endomysium
B. sarcomere
36
Who are the active members of the filament theory?
a. troponin
b. actin
c. myosin
d. tropomyosin
e. all of the above
f. B and C only
e. all of the above
37
True or False: Different types of muscle fibers are appropriate for different types of activities?
True
38
True or False: Percentage of types of muscle fibers in a muscle can change over time with different activities?
True
39
Which type of contractile fibers are known for being tonic, slow twitch fibers?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
a. Type I
40
Which type of contractile fibers are known for being oxidative (red)?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
a. Type I
41
Which type of contractile fibers are known for being slow to fatigue and therefore have good endurance?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
a. Type I
42
Which type of contractile fibers are known for having good capillary supply and therefore less build up of lactate and metabolic waste?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
A. Type I
43
Which type of contractile fibers are known for atrophy quickly upon injury?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
A. Type I because they require O2 for metabolism
44
Which type of contractile fibers are best for sustained activities?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
a. Type I
45
Which type of contractile fibers are known for being fast fibers?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
b. Type II A
46
Which type of contractile fibers are known for being oxidative and glycolic?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
b. Type IIA
47
Which type of contractile fibers are known for having fast conduction rates?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
b. Type II A
48
Which type of contractile fibers are known for doing both aerobic and anaerobic muscle activities?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
b. Type IIA
49
Which type of contractile fibers are known for being fast but easily fatigue?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
b. Type II B
50
Which type of contractile fibers are known for being big and powerful?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
c. Type IIB
51
Which type of contractile fibers are known for being phasic?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
c. Type II B
52
Which type of contractile fibers are known for being white and glycolic?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
c. Type II B glucose is metabolized
53
Which type of contractile fibers are known for being anaerobic due to less of a capillary supply?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
c. Type II B
54
Which type of contractile fibers are known for having large diameter and therefore stronger contractions?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
c. Type II B
55
Which type of contractile fibers are known for short burst of energy for quick postural changes or skilled movements?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
c. Type II B
56
Which type of contractile fibers are known for fatigue quickly?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
c. Type II B
57
Which type of contractile fibers are known for becoming weak due to pathology such as a disease?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
c. Type II B
58
Which type of contractile fibers are known for lifting heavy weight?
a. Type I
b. Type II A
c. Type II B
c. Type II B
59
Muscle Shapes? ASK IN CLASS
60
When a muscle changes length by either shortening or elongating it is known as a ______ contraction
a. isotonic
b. isometric
a. isotonic
61
When the muscles act in a restraining or holding action it is known as a ______ contraction
a. isotonic
b. isometric
b. isometric
62
What are the two types of isotonic contractions?
concentric and eccentric
63
When the tension is equal to the resistance it is to overcome it is known as a ______ contraction
a. isotonic
b. isometric
b. isometric
64
When the internal force produced by the muscle is greater than the external force or resistance it is a ______ contraction
a. concentric
b. eccentric
a. concentric
65
What type of contraction produces a shortening of the muscle?
a. concentric
b. eccentric
a. concentric
66
What type of contraction has to do with acceleration
a. concentric
b. eccentric
a. concentric
67
Which type of contraction produces the least force output compared to others?
a. concentric
b. eccentric
a. concentric
68
Which type of muscle contraction produces the lengthening of a muscle?
a. concentric
b. eccentric
b. eccentric
69
Internal force produced by the muscle is less than the external force or resistance, what type of contraction is this?
a. concentric
b. eccentric
b. eccentric
70
What type of contraction is trying to slow or decelerate?
a. concentric
b. eccentric
b. eccentric
71
A bicep curl is an example of a ____ contraction
a. concentric
b. eccentric
a. concentric
72
When tension is equal to the resistance it is to overcome it is known as a ____ contraction
a. isotonic
b. isometric
b. isometric
73
When the portion of the myosin filament that pulls the actin toward the center of the sarcomere is equal to resistive force, it is what type of contraction?
a. isotonic
b. isometric
b. isometric
74
Which type of muscles tend to have the line or pull along a bone so the muscle tends to pull two bones together
a. shunt muscle
b. spurt muscle
a. shunt muscle
75
if the distance from the insertion to the joint axis is greater than the distance from the origin, it is a ______.
a. shunt muscle
b. spurt muscle
a. shunt muscle
76
If the origin is farther from the joint axis and the insertion is nearer it is a _________.
a. shunt muscle
b. spurt muscle
b. spurt muscle
77
If the line of pull is across the bones so there is a larger rotary component to the movement produced it is a _________.
a. shunt muscle
b. spurt muscle
b. spurt muscle
78
________ muscles overcome inertia and produce rapid movements throughout a wide ROM.
a. shunt
b. spurt
b. spurt
79
A movement in the muscle that provides the major force to complete the movement is _______.
a. agonist
b. antagonist
c. synergist
d. fixator
a. agonist
80
Which is known as the "prime movers"
a. agonist
b. antagonist
c. synergist
d. fixator
A. agonist
81
True or False: The agonist is always the muscle that is shortening?
False: it is NOT always the muscle that is shortening
82
A movement in the muscle that refers to the muscles that oppose/go against is the ________.
a. agonist
b. antagonist
c. synergist
d. fixator
b. antagonist
83
During elbow flexion the bicep is the ______.
a. agonist
b. antagonist
c. synergist
d. fixator
a. agonist
84
During elbow flexion the tricep is the ______.
a. agonist
b. antagonist
c. synergist
d. fixator
b. antagonist
85
Which refers to the slow down or stop of the movement?
a. agonist
b. antagonist
c. synergist
d. fixator
b. antagonist
86
The function of the antagonist is to...
a. relax
b. slow down
c. stop
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
87
A movement in the muscle that stabilizes a joint around which movement is occurring
a. agonist
b. antagonist
c. synergist
d. fixator
c. synergist
88
Which helps the agonist function effectively?
a. antagonist
b. synergist
c. fixator
d. both B and C
d. both B and C
89
In a bicep curl, the ________ muscles are the brachioradialis and brachialis
a. agonist
b. antagonist
c. synergist
d. fixator
c. synergist
90
Which refers to a movement in the muscle that stabilizes the origin of the agonist and the joint that the origin moves over
a. agonist
b. antagonist
c. synergist
d. fixator
d. fixator
91
Most _____ muscles are found working around the hip and shoulder joint
a. agonist
b. antagonist
c. synergist
d. fixator
d. fixator
92
In a bicep curl, the rotator cuff muscles are the ________.
a. agonist
b. antagonist
c. synergist
d. fixator
d. fixator
93
When a muscle cannot stretch anymore is it known as _________.
a. passive insufficiency
b. active insufficiency
a. passive
94
Which occurs with the antagonist?
a. passive insufficiency
b. active insufficiency
a. passive
95
When a muscle cannot shorten anymore it is known as ________.
a. passive insufficiency
b. active insufficiency
b. active
96
Which occurs with the agonist?
a. passive insufficiency
b. active insufficiency
b. active insufficiency
97
A _____ tests for grip strength
a. dynameter
b. pinch meter
a. dynameter
98
A _____ tests for pinch strength
a. dynameter
b. pinch meter
b. pinch meter
