KINESIOLOGY- Upper Limb

Question 1

Why does scapulohumersl rhythm occur ? (3 reasons)

Answer 1

Increase ROM- by distributing the motion between more than 1 joint.

Congruency - prevents impingement (acromion & humerus) and decreases shear forces

Length tension relationship - prevents active insufficiency of the glenohumeral muscles.

Question 2

Which 4 muscles are included in Scapulohumeral Rhythm

Answer 2

Sterno-clavivular joint
Acromio-clavicular joint
Scapulo-thoracic joint
Gleno-humeral joint

Question 3

What types of joint are the following: 
Sterno-Clavicular 
Acromio-clavicular 
Scapulo-Thoracic
Gleno-humeral

Answer 3

Sterno-Clavicular = saddle
Acromio-clavicular = gliding/plane
Scapulo-Thoracic = false joint
Gleno-humeral = ball & socket

Question 4

Which movements occur at the Sterno-Clavicular joint (SCJ)

Answer 4

Elevation
Depression
Retraction
Protraction
Posterior rotation

Question 5

Which movements occur at the Acromio-Clavicular Joint (ACJ)

Answer 5

Upward Rotation
Downward Rotation
Transverse plane adjustments
Sagittal plane adjustments

Question 6

Which movements occur at the Scapulo-Thoracic Joint

Answer 6

Elevation
Depression
Protraction 
Retraction
Upward rotation
Downward rotation

Question 7

Which movements occur at the Gleno-Humeral joint

Answer 7

Flexion
Extension
Abduction/adduction
Internal/external rotation

Question 8

Which muscles control scapula movement?

Answer 8

Trapezius, serratus anterior

Rhomboids, levator scapula, pec minor, lat dorsi

Question 9

Name 2 force couples that act upon the scapula?

Answer 9

Upper and lower traps & upper lower serratus anterior = upward rotation of the scapula

Question 10

Joint interactions:
In early phase abduction of the arm (0°-90°)
What are the degrees that each joint is acting during ?

Answer 10

First 60° - gleno-humeral joint
Next 30° - Scapula-thoracic joint
-25° Scapula-clavicular joint
- 5° Acromio-clavicular joint

(Supraspinatus acts significantly in the first 30°)

Question 11

Joint interactions:
In late phase abduction of the arm (90°-180°)
What are the degrees that each joint is acting during ?

Answer 11

60° gleno-humeral joint (Abduction)
30° Sterno-Thoracic joint (upward rotation)
(Elevates 5° at the Scapula-thoracic joint)
(Upwardly rotates 25° the Acromio Clavicular joint)

Question 12

At what ratio do the joint interactions of the scapular move GHJ : STJ

Answer 12

2 : 1

Question 13

During posterior rotation, describe the force couples and ligaments in action.

Answer 13

Serratus anterior pulls the inferior
Lower trap pulls medially
Upper trap pulls superiorly

Coraco-clavicular ligiment drawn taught creating a radius to move around

Question 14

Which 2 ligiments compose the coraco-clavicular ligiment

Answer 14

Trapezoid & Conoid