Kinesiology exam (Muscles) Flashcards
diaphragm
Changing pressure of the thoracic cavity; Breathing
Origin: sternum and cartilage of the ribs and lumbar vertebrae
Insert: central tendon
Pectoralis Major
Internal rotation, adduction, and flexion of the arm
Origin: Clavicle, lower sternum, costal cartilage of 1-6 ribs
Insert: the lateral lip of the tubercular groove
Trapezius
in charge of: scapular elevation, adduction, retraction, upward rotation, and depression
Origin: base of the occipital bone and all cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Inserts: Spine of scapula and acromion and clavicle
Biceps Brachii
in charge of flexion and supination of the elbow
Origin: short head-tip of the coracoid process/ long head- supraglenoid tubercle
Insert: radial tuberosity
Triceps Brachii
Main extensor of the arm
origin: Lateral head - Posterior prospect of humerus Long Head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Medial Head - Posterior aspect of the humerus
Insert: upper part of the ulna (olecranon)
Deltoid
Flexes and medially rotates the shoulder, abducts arm, laterally rotates arm
Origin: Clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula
Insert: medial aspect of humerus
Rectus Abdominis muscle
flexes trunk and helps with expiration, defecation, and childbirth
origin: Pubic crest and symphysis pubis
Insert: Xiphoid process and inferior ribs
Latissimus dorsi muscle
adductor, extensor, and internal rotator of the arm
Origin: along the lumbar and lower half of the thoracic vertebrae and iliac crest and sacrum below
Insert: humerus on the floor of the intertubercular groove under pectoralis major’s muscle tendon.
Biceps femoris
extensor of hip and a flexor of the knee, externally rotates flexed knee
Teres Major
Medial rotator, adductor, extends the humerus at shoulder
Origin: inferior lateral border of scapula
insert: medial lip of the intertubercular groove of humerus
Tibialis anterior muscle
dorsiflexes the ankle and inverts the foot
Origin: anterior shaft of tibia
insert: medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal
Sternocleidomastoid
Flexes head from side to side
origin: sternum and clavicle
insert: mastoid process
Skeletal Muscles
Voluntary, striated, and attach to bones by tendons and tissues
Cardiac Muscles
Involuntary, striated and found in heart
Smooth muscles
Involuntary, non-striated, and surround the body’s internal organs
Concentric
muscle fibres shorten
Eccentric
Muscle fibre lengthen
Isometric
muscle fibre stay the same
Isotonic exercise
Controlled shortening and lengthening of muscles
Isometric Exercise
No motion - muscle fibers stay the same length
isokinetic exercise
uses machines to control the speed of contractions and combines the best features of both isotonic and isometric training
what is a muscle fiber
they consist of a single muscle cell and help organize the movement of limbs and tissues
- contains myosin and actin most of the time
Sliding Filament Theory
Results in the shortening of the sarcomere and muscle contraction
