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PTA 150- Kinesiology > Kines-The Pelvic Girdle/Hip > Flashcards

Kines-The Pelvic Girdle/Hip Flashcards

1
Q

List the hip bones

A 
Pelvis
Femur
Sacrum
Ilium bone
Pubic Bone
Ischium
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2
Q

Describe the Pelvis

A

made of 3 bones: Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis

Fused at maturity

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3
Q

Describe the Femur

A

Classification: long bone

Function: lever

longest bone in the body

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4
Q

Describe the Sacrum

A

It is the extension of the spinal cord

5 fused vertebrae

posteriorly between the 2 pelvic bones

SI joint is formed by the pelvis and sacrum

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5
Q

Describe the Ilium Bone

A

classification: flat bone
function: protection

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6
Q

Describe the pubic bone

A

“PUBIS”

Classification: irregular bone

Function: protection

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7
Q

Describe the Ischium

A

Classification: irregular bone

function: protection

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8
Q

Hip Joint

A

Large Stable Joint

consists of: head of femur and acetabulum of Pelvis (ball and socket)

Structure: synovial joint
Function: ball and socket joint
Provides: stability, mobility,shock absorption, and protection

3 degrees of freedom:
Frontal, saggital and transverse

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9
Q

Describe the Femoral Head

A

“ball”
spherical
smooth surface

covered by articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage)

Function: shock absorption, joint nutrition

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10
Q

Describe the acetabulum

A

“socket”
Latin = little vinegar cup

lined by articular hyaline cartilage
supports entire body weight

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11
Q

List the 3 ligaments that reinforce the joint capsule

A

Femoroacetabular ligament consists of 3 main ligaments :
Illiofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral Ligament

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12
Q

Discuss the hip joint with respect to the following; type of joint, stability vs mobility.

A

The hip joint is a ball and socket joint, with the rounded convex femoral head articulating with the acetabulum of the hip bone.

The joint consists of the femur, os coxae (hip bone), joint capsule and its corresponding ligaments, tendons and muscles.

Unlike the shoulder joint, the hip is a more stable joint, but it does sacrifice some range of motion, for this stability.

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13
Q

Discuss the motions of the hip joint

A

Since this joint is a triaxial joint, it allows motion in all three planes, the sagittal, frontal, and transverse.

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14
Q

Describe the Iliofemoral ligament

A

ilium to femur

anterior to hip joint

prevents abduction and external rotation

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15
Q

Describe the ischiofemoral ligament

A

ischium to femur

triangular band of strong fibers

posterior side of hip joint

limits medial rotation

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16
Q

Describe the Pubofemoral Ligament

A

pubis to femur

anterior to hip joint

limits abduction

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17
Q

Hip Flexor muscles (anterior muscles)

A 
Iliopsoas
Rectus Femoris
Sartorius 
Pectineus
Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)
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18
Q

Iliopsoas (psoas major and iliacus)

A

O: T-12 to L-5 vertebrae

I: Lesser trochanter of femur

A: Hip Flexion

N: Iliacus portion: femoral
Psoas major: L2 and L3

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19
Q

Rectus Femoris- In the quadricep group, the only muscle that flexes the hip and the knee.

A

O: Anterior Inferior Iliac spine

I: Tibial tuberosity

A: hip flexion
knee extension

N: Femoral

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20
Q

Sartorius- also called the tailor muscle.

A

O: anterior superior iliac spine

I: upper medial tibia

A: hip flexion, abduction, lateral rotation, and knee flexion,

N: Femoral

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21
Q

Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)

A

O: Anterior superior iliac spine

I: lateral condyle of tibia

A: hip flexion
hip abduction

N: Superior Gluteal Nerve

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22
Q

Adductor longus

A

O: Pubis

I: Middle third of linea aspera

A: Hip adduction

N: Obturator Nerve

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23
Q

Hip extensor muscles (posterior muscles)

A

Gluteus maximus
semimebranosis
semitendinosis
biceps femoris

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24
Q

gluteus maximus

A

O: Posterior ilium and sacrum

I: greater trochanter of femur and IT band

A: hip extension
external rotation

N: Inferior gluteal nerve

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25
Q

semimembranosis

A

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial condyle of tibia

A: hip extension
knee flexion

N: Sciatic

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26
Q

semitendinosis

A

O: ischial tuberosity

I: proximal and medial tibia

A: hip extension
knee flexion

N: sciatic

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27
Q

biceps femoris

A

O: ischial tuberosity, lateral lip of linea aspera

I: fibular head

A: hip extension
knee flexion

N: long head; sciatic
short head; common peroneal nerve

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28
Q

Hip abductor muscles (lateral muscles)

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Sartorius
Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)

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29
Q

Gluteus medius

A

O: Outer surface of ilium

I: greater trochanter

A: hip abduction

N: superior gluteal nerve

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30
Q

gluteus minimus

A

O: lateral ilium

I: greater trochanter

A: hip abduction
internal rotation

N: Superior Gluteal Nerve

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31
Q

TFL

A

O: anterior superior iliac spine

I: lateral condyle of tibia

A: hip abduction
hip flexion

N: Superior Gluteal Nerve

32
Q

hip adductor muscles

A 
Adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
pectinius
gracilis
33
Q

adductor longus

A

O:pubis

I: middle third of the linea aspera

A: hip adduction

N: Obturator nerve

34
Q

adductor brevis

A

O: pubis

I: Pectineal line and proximal linea aspera

A: hip adduction

N: Obturator nerve

35
Q

adductor magnus

A

O: ischium and pubis

I: entire linea aspera and adductor tubercle

A: hip adduction

N: Obturator and sciatic nerve

36
Q

pectineus

A

O: Superior ramus of pubis

I: pectineal line of femur

A: assist with hip flexion
assist with hip adduction

N: Femoral nerve

37
Q

Gracilis

A

O: pubis

I: medial tibia

A: hip adduction

N: Obturator nerve

38
Q

hip internal rotator muscles

A

gluteus medius (anterior fibers)

39
Q

Hip external rotator muscles

A

Gluteus Maximus & Deep Rotators

40
Q

what are the 6 deep rotators muscles?

A 
obturator externus
obturator internus
quadratus femoris
piriformis
gemellus superior
gemellus inferior
41
Q

deep rotator muscles

A

O: posterior sacrum, ischium, pubis

I: Greater trochanter

A: hip external rotation

N: Numerous… Piriformis S1 and S2 segments

42
Q

Injury: slipped capital epiphysis

A

Epiphysis = area at end of long bone that is separated from main part of bone by a growth plate.

common after onset of puberty
males> females
common in obese children

cause: unknown
may be caused by weak growth plate
      trauma
      inflammation
      change in hormone levels

treatment: surgery (pins or screws)

43
Q

Injury: Hip fracture

A

usually to the femoral neck of the femur

Cause: trauma
              falls
              accidents 
             usually over 65
              women at higher risk

pain in groin
unable to bear weight
swelling and bruising

44
Q

Injury: Hip pointer

A

Bruise to the ilium
pain above groin
treat: ice, padding, rest

45
Q

Injury: IT band

A

test: stretching IT band
contracting med or TFL
normal xrays, possible calcification in glut med tendon or bursa
referred pain in the back

15% in women 66.6% in men

acute trauma (falls, impact) increased activity/exercise rubbing of tight IT band

Ice, rest, cortisone shot, stretch IT band, restore hip, strengthen glut med and TFL

46
Q

Describe the Acetabular Labrum

A

cartilaginous lip

Fibrocartilage, rim around the acetabulum,
deepens the socket
provides stability and proprioception (body awareness).

Helps hold the head of the femur in place.

47
Q

Describe the Ligamentum Teres

A

intracapsular ligament, runs from the head of the femur to the acetabulum. Small blood vessel that supplies some blood supply to the femoral head.

48
Q

What muscles comprise the hamstring muscles?

A

All 3 muscles cross the hip and the knee, they are all posterior. They extend the hip and flex the knee.

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris

49
Q

If a muscle is a flexor, what motion would stretch that muscle?

A

Extend the muscle. (the opposite action)

50
Q

What is gluteus medius gait?

A

the individual shifts the trunk over the affected side during the stance phase. The right gluteus medius, or hip abductor is weak. It causes 2 things to happen. 1. body leans to the weaker right side, and the right side of the pelvis will drop when the right leg leaves the ground and begins the swing phase. This gait is also referred to as a trendelenburg gait.

51
Q

What is the pelvic girdle composed of?

A

Sacrum
Coccyx
Hip Bone- Comprised of Ilium, ischium, pubis

52
Q

What is the sacral iliac joint?

A

The SI joint is synovial joint, non axial, articulation between the sacrum and the ilium, and is a plane joint.

Function- to transfer weight from the upper body through the vertebral body to the upper extremities.

53
Q

What is the symphis pubis?

A

Located anteriorly, in the midline of the body, it joins the right and left pubic bones. There is a fibrocartilaginous disk between the pubic bones, and there is little movement, but more movement is present during childbirth.

54
Q

What is the lumbosacral angle?

A

located superiorly, angle is determined by drawing 1 line parallel to the ground and the other line at the base of the sacrum.

We use the superior part of the pelvis for the reference point.

When the pelvis tilts forward, the lumbar lordosis increases. When the pelvis tilts back, the lumbar lordosis decreases.

55
Q

What are the functions of the pelvic girdle?

A

it supports the weight of the upper part of the body through the spinal column, and passes that weight to the lower extremities.

Receives forces when the foot comes into contact with the ground, and those forces are transmitted up through the spinal column.

The pelvic girdle moves in all 3 planes, because of that our walking is a lot smoother.

The pelvis supports and protects the bladder, uterus, and the prostate in men.

The pelvis provides attachments for muscles and muscular floor.

The pelvis makes up the bony portion of the birth canal in females.

56
Q

What comprises the sacrum?

A

5 fused vertebrae, sits posteriorly, between the 2 hip bones, and makes up the posterior border of the pelvis.

It makes up the posterior border of the pelvis. The top part of the sacrum will articulate with the 5th vertebra, it is concave anteriorly, and convex posteriorly.

57
Q

What are landmarks of the sacrum?

A

Dorsal surface, pelvic surface, base, body, sacral promontory, superior articular process, ala wing, auricular surface, foramina, tail bone or coccyx

58
Q

What comprises the Ilium?

A

inominate bone or oscoxe bone = hip bone, in the hip bone there are 3 bones fused together. The top part is the ilium, front lower part is the pubis, and back lower part is the ischium.

59
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the Ilium?

A

Iliac crest, auricular surface, iliac tuberosity, Posterior Superior Iliac Spine, Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine, Greater Sciatic Notch, Iliac Fossa, Anterior Superior Iliac Spine, Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine

60
Q

What comprises the ischium?

A

Hip bone is composed of the ilium and 2 components on the bottom. The ischium is the anterior and posterior portion of the hip bone.

61
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the ischium?

A

Ischial tuberosity, ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch, ramus.

62
Q

What comprises the pubis?

A

the anterior and inferior portion of the hip bone.

63
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the pubis?

A

Superior Ramus, Actetabulum, Obturator Foramen.

64
Q

What are the pelvic girdle motions?

A

movement occurs in all 3 planes. Anterior Pelvic tilt, posterior pelvic tilt, lateral pelvic tilt, and pelvic rotation.

65
Q

What is an anterior pelvic tilt?

A

Pelvis tilts forward, superior surface of pelvis as reference point. There is a muscular forced couple of the posterior trunk muscles, and anterior hip muscles.

66
Q

What is a posterior pelvic tilt?

A

pelvis tilts backward, superior surface of pelvis as reference. The lumbar lordosis decreases with a posterior pelvic tilt. This also is a forced couple between the anterior trunk flexors (abdominal muscles) and the posterior hip extensors (gluteus maximus)

67
Q

What is a lateral pelvic tilt?

A

when the 2 iliac crest are not level. If one side moves up, the other side moves down. During walking the pelvis is level when both feet are in contact with the ground. When 1 foot leaves the ground, the pelvis will drop on that side. Muscular force couple of erector spinii muscles, quadratus labrum, and your gluteus medius on the other side.

68
Q

What is pelvic rotation?

A

occurs in a transverse plane, around a vertical axis. It happens when right side of the pelvis goes forward and left side goes back and visa versa.

69
Q

Hip flexion

A

movement of the femur anteriorly toward the pelvis
Normal ROM: 0-120*
sagittal plane motion

70
Q

hip extension

A

Movement of the femur straight posteriorly away from the pelvis
Normal ROM: 0-15*
sagittal plane motion

71
Q

hip abduction

A

Movement of the femur laterally to the side away from midline
normal ROM: 0-45*
Frontal plane motion

72
Q

hip adduction

A

movement of the femur medially towards the midline
normal ROM: 0-25*
frontal plane motion

73
Q

When you sit down what are you sitting on?

A

the ischial tuberosities

74
Q

hip internal rotation “medial rotation”

A

rotary movement of the femur medially around its longitudinal axis toward the midline
normal ROM: 0-45*
Transverse plane motion

75
Q

hip external rotation “lateral rotation”

A

Rotary movement of the femur laterally around its longitudinal axis away from the midline
Normal ROM: 0-45*
Transverse plane motion

PTA 150- Kinesiology (5 decks)

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