kinematics (frontal)

Question 1

Initial contact

Answer 1

is the heel the first point of contact?
subtalar /rearfoot - Perpendicular or slightly inverted
forefoot - abducted or adducted
pelvis - level / neutral

Question 2

Loading response

Answer 2

Subtalar /rearfoot - eversion/ pronation (for shock attenuation)
Patella - rearfoot eversion or pronation causes internal rotation of the leg and medial tracking of the patella
pelvis - hip adduction causing lowering of the pelvis

Question 3

midstance

Answer 3

Subtalar /rearfoot - eversion /pronation and ideally resupination begins prior to heel lift
pelvis - hip abduction (pelvis moves towards neutral

Question 4

Terminal stance

Answer 4

subtalar /rearfoot - inversion /supination continues to maintain the stability of metatarsal joint
forefoot - abduction or adduction as heel rises
pelvis - maintained at a neutral position

Question 5

preswing

Answer 5

subtalar /rearfoot - inversion /supination (the foot becomes a lever for propulsion and what toes are the last to leave toerocker)

Question 6

swing phase

Answer 6

important to note ground clearance
subtalar /rearfoot - inversion (preparation for initial contact)
forefoot - usually abducted due to external rotation of swing leg
pelvis - remains the same as pre-swing and slightly lowered due to hip abduction