Kinematics Flashcards

1
Q

The location of an object in relation to some “reference point”

A

Position

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2
Q

If an object is not accelerating, you can be absolutely positive that it is experiencing ________________.

A

Zero Net Force

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3
Q

What would be the net force upon this object?

A

30 N to the right.

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4
Q

The symbol for time

A

t

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5
Q

In linear motion, the “+” and the “-“ symbols are used to show what?

A

Direction

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6
Q

True/False

This fighter jet is in “Free Fall.”

A

False.

This fighter jet has more forces acting upon it than just gravity. It is experiencing the following forces:

  • Gravity
  • “Lift” (from the air on the wings)
  • “Thrust” (generated by the afterburners)
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7
Q

What is meant by the acronym:

A.U.T.O.graph

A

When we look at graphs, we will always think about:

A - the axes

U - the units

T - the trace

O - the origin

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8
Q

Newton’s Third Law

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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9
Q

Newton’s Second Law

A

A = F/M

(Acceleration = Force divided by Mass)

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10
Q

Acceleration

A

That rate at which you change your velocity.

Example:

Every second, he was going 5mph faster than the second before.

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11
Q

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction is called a _______________.

Example:

Forces are ________ because if you push or pull on something, there is a magnitude (size) of your push, and there is always a direction of your push.

A

Vector

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12
Q

What would be the net force upon this object?

A

10 N to the left.

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13
Q

What would be the net force upon this object?

A

1 Newton to the right.

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14
Q

Velocity at clock reading = t

A

<span>v</span>t

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15
Q

A point or exact location that can be used to help describe the location of some other point or object.

A

Reference Point

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16
Q

Constant Speed

A

Not speeding up or slowing down

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17
Q

A letter written smaller and below the rest of the writing.

<span>v</span>t

Here the “ t “ is subscripted

A

Subscript

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18
Q

Newton’s Second Law

A

A = F/M

(Acceleration = Force divided by Mass)

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19
Q

Another way of saying that someone is accelerating in such a fashion that each second they were going 7 meters per second faster than the second before?

A

Acceleration = (7 m/s) / s

or

7m/s2

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20
Q

Air Friction

A

The force impeding the motion of an object traveling through the air.

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21
Q

In motion along a line, what is the difference between the following two “velocities?”

17 m/s

-17 m/s

A

The objects are traveling at the same speed, but in opposite directions.

In linear motion, we can use plus and minus to represent different directions.

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22
Q

Reference Point

A

A point or exact location that can be used to help describe the location of some other point or object.

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23
Q

Mass

A

How much “stuff” there is in an object.

(or how much matter)

(each added atom or molecule adds mass)

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24
Q

When we refer to the “trace” on a graph, we are talking about …

A

The best fit line or curve on the graph.

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25
Q

Slope

A

The angle of a line on a graph

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26
Q

More mass means more ___________.

A

Inertia

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27
Q

Net Force

A

The overall force acting upon an object.

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28
Q

True/False

The soccer ball shown in the picture is in “Free Fall.”

A

True.

It doesn’t matter if the ball is going up, down, or sideways. As long as the only force acting upon the ball is gravity, it is in “Free Fall.”

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29
Q

The size of the force of air friction is dependant upon

______________

and

_______________

A

The size and shape of an object

and

The speed at which the object is moving relative to the air.

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30
Q

This is called a

A

Motion Map

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31
Q

Scaler

A

A quantity that has a magnitude (size) but no direction.

Examples:

Temperature. 78 degrees tells you how “big” the temperature is, but there is no direction to 78 degrees.

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32
Q

In order to describe the position of an object, you must always refer to a ___________ _____________.

A

Reference Point

(or reference object)

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33
Q

Speed

A

How fast an object is traveling.

(Direction is not important)

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34
Q

Average Speed

A

A single speed that can be used to represent an object’s speed during a period of time, even if the object is changing speeds.

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35
Q

Is velocity a vector or a scaler?

A

Velocity is a vector.

It has both magnitude (size) AND direction.

Example:

Her velocity was 30 mph north.

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36
Q

Which object is moving faster?

A car going +10 mph

A moped going - 10 mph

A

Neither.

They are both going the same speed, but in different directions.

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37
Q

<span>x</span>0

A

Position at clock reading = zero

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38
Q

Inertia

A

VERY close in meaning to “mass”

BUT

Inertia is usually used when you are talking about stopping a moving object or making a stationary object start moving.

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39
Q

True/False

The entire time between when this cannonball

leaves the cannon until it hits the ground,

the cannonball is in

“Free Fall.”

A

True.

Once it leaves the cannon, the only force acting upon the cannonball is gravity.

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40
Q

x

A

the symbol for position

(X marks the spot)

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41
Q

Velocity/Time graph

A

A motion graph with time on the horizontal axis and velocity on the vertical axis.

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42
Q

a

A

The symbol for acceleration

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43
Q

Vector

A

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

Example:

Forces are vectors because if you push or pull on something, there is a magnitude (size) of your push, and there is always a direction of your push.

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44
Q

Position at clock reading = “t”

A

<span>x</span>t

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45
Q

The angle of a line on a graph

A

Slope

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46
Q

<span>v</span>t

A

Velocity at clock reading = t

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47
Q

the symbol for distance

A

d

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48
Q

Displacement

A

How far you are from where you started, and in what direction.

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49
Q

How big something is.

A

Magnitude

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50
Q

What mathematical calculation would you do to determine the net force upon the skydiver shown here?

A

Net Force = (Force of Gravity) - (Force of Air Friction)

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51
Q

That rate at which you change your velocity.

Example:

Every second, he was going 5mph faster than the second before.

A

Acceleration

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52
Q

The symbol for acceleration

A

a

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53
Q

Change in Momentum and ________ mean the same thing

A

Impulse

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54
Q

Gravity

A

A force between any two objects with mass

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55
Q

What would be the net force upon this object?

A

30 N to the right

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56
Q

All of the red lines are ____________ to the red curve.

A

“Normal”

(In physics, “normal” means “perpendicular to”)

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57
Q

Velocity

A

The speed and direction an object is travelling.

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58
Q

How fast an object is going at an instant in time. It is what is shown on the speedometer of a car.

A

Instantaneous Speed

59
Q

What would be the net force upon this object?

A

10 Newtons to the left.

60
Q

Any object experiencing zero net force will ALWAYS have _______________

A

Zero Acceleration

61
Q

When they describe the “top velocity” of a type of airplane, the reference object they would typically use would be what?

A

The air the plane is flying in.

62
Q

<span>v</span>0

A

Velocity at clock reading = zero

63
Q

Velocity at clock reading = zero

A

<span>v</span>0

64
Q

Which object is moving the fastest?

A

A

The steepest line on a position/time graph represent the fastest moving object.

(A is moving the opposite direction from B and D)

65
Q

In linear motion, how will we show the direction an object is travelling?

A

With a “+” sign or a “-“ sign.

The plus would mean one direction, and the minus would mean in the exact opposite direction.

66
Q

Is “speed” a scaler or a vector?

A

It is a scaler. Speed has a magnitude (size) but no direction.

Example: 50 mph.

67
Q

Which object is not moving?

A

C

(did you remember to look at the axes?)

68
Q

Look carefully at the following graph. Does this show and object that is moving or standing still.

A

This shows an object that is moving at a very steady speed.

(Make sure you understand why)

(Did you remember to look at the labels on the axes?)

69
Q

Linear Motion

A

Motion along a line

70
Q

Touch

Gravity

Friction

A

The three things we often think about when we are looking for forces.

71
Q

A quantity that has a magnitude (size) but no direction.

Examples:

Temperature. 78 degrees tells you how “big” the temperature is, but there is no direction to 78 degrees.

A

Scaler

72
Q

In Newton’s Third Law, which happens first, the action or the reaction.

A

Neither!

The “action” and “reaction” forces always happen at the exact same time.

73
Q

Magnitude

A

How big something is.

74
Q

Subscript

A

A letter written smaller and below the rest of the writing.

<span>v</span>t

Here the “ t “ is subscripted

75
Q

d

A

the symbol for distance

76
Q

If you say a ball is 30 feet up, what would typically be your reference point.

A

The ground below the ball.

(The ball would be 30 feet away from the reference point or ground in this case)

77
Q

Tension

A

A force exerted by a string or rope.

78
Q

the symbol for velocity

A

v

79
Q

What would the net force be upon this object?

A

2 N to the right

80
Q

acceleration / time graph

A

A motion graph with time on the horizontal axis and acceleration on the vertical axis.

81
Q

What would be the net force upon this object?

A

100 Newtons upward

82
Q

In linear motion, the difference between

-55 mph

and

+55 mph

is?

A

Direction only

83
Q

When you describe the velocity of a car, your typical reference object would be what?

A

The surface of the road beneath the car.

84
Q

v

A

the symbol for velocity

85
Q

The study of motion

A

Kinematics

86
Q

Distance

A

How far you have travelled.

87
Q

In physical science the word “Normal” means

A

Perpendicular.

88
Q

A single speed that can be used to represent an object’s speed during a period of time, even if the object is changing speeds.

A

Average Speed

89
Q

In order to describe the velocity of an object, you must always refer to a ___________ _____________.

A

reference object

90
Q

Position/Time graph

A

A motion graph with “time” on the horizontal axis and “position” on the vertical axis.

This graph shows the motion of 4 objects.

91
Q

Instantaneous Speed

A

How fast an object is going at an instant in time. It is what is shown on the speedometer of a car.

92
Q

Reference object

A

An object that can be used as a reference for both position and for velocity.

93
Q

Position at clock reading = zero

A

<span>x</span>0

94
Q

Another way of saying that someone is accelerating in such a fashion that each second they were going 8 mph faster than the second before?

A

Acceleration = (8 mph) / second

95
Q

The formula for calculating the slope of a line.

A

Slope = rise/run

96
Q

t

A

The symbol for time

97
Q

How fast an object is traveling.

(Direction is not important)

A

Speed

98
Q

Kinematics

A

The study of motion

99
Q

The blue line could also be consider to be ______________ to the red surface

A

“Normal”

(In physics, “normal” and “perpendicular” mean the same thing)

100
Q

In physics, the word “Impulse” means…

A

Change in Momentum

101
Q

Slope = rise/run

A

The formula for calculating the slope of a line.

102
Q

What is the formula for calculating momentum?

A

Momentum = Mass x Velocity

103
Q

<span>x</span>t

A

Position at clock reading = “t”

104
Q

Position

A

The location of an object in relation to some “reference point”

105
Q

Newton’s First Law

A

Objects in motion stay in motion

Objects at rest stay at rest

If its moving, it will keep moving in a straight line, at the same velocity, FOREVER, unless acted upon by a net force.

106
Q

the symbol for position

A

x

107
Q

Acceleration = (8 mph) / second

A

Another way of saying that someone is accelerating in such a fashion that each second they were going 8 mph faster than the second before?

108
Q

True or False

This motorcycle rider is in “Free Fall.”

A

True.

Once he goes off the jump, the only force acting upon him is the force of gravity. (Until he lands of course)

109
Q

“Free Fall”

A

When the ONLY force acting upon an object is gravity.

This can be after an object is dropped.

It can also be after an object is thrown up.

It can even be after an object is thrown sideways.

In all these situations, the only force acting upon the object is gravity.

110
Q

In which direction would the net force be upon this object?

A

To the left.

111
Q

Acceleration can mean….

A

Speeding up

Slowing down

or

Turning

(Basically, anything you could feel while you were in a car would indicate acceleration)

112
Q

What control or controls in a car is often used to cause the car to accelerate?

A

Gas Pedal

Brakes

Steering Wheel

(Remember, an acceleration can mean speeding up, slowing down, or turning)

113
Q

You walk all the way around a typical high school track. Its about 400 meters.

Your Distance = ___________

Your Displacement = _____________

A

Your Distance = ___\_400-m______\_

Your Displacement = ___\__0-m\________

Distance is how far you travel.

Displacement is how far you end up from the starting point.

114
Q

You are about to go outside to take measurements necessary to calculate your top running speed. What measurements would you need to take.

A

Distance

and

Time

(because S = d/t )

115
Q

What is the formula for finding

Average Speed

A
116
Q

What quantity is this device used to measure?

A

Time

117
Q

What quantity is this device used to measure?

A

Volume

118
Q

What quantity is this device used to measure?

A

Length

119
Q

What quantity is this device used to measure?

A

Mass

(Note, mass is different than weight)

Scales measure weight

Balances measure mass

120
Q

When we make a motion graph, what variable will ALWAYS be on the horizontal axis?

A

Time

(Even if time is the dependent variable, we will always put it on the horizontal axis in motion graphs.)

121
Q

Is displacement a vector or a scalar?

A

Displacement is a vector. It has both magnitude and a direction.

122
Q

Is the following a description of a distance or a displacement?

He travelled 20 miles North.

A

Displacement

(Magnitude = 20 miles)

(Direction = North)

123
Q

Is the following a description of a distance or a displacement?

He traveled 30 meters.

A

Distance

It has no direction, so it cannot be a displacement.

124
Q

True or false.

This object is moving at a constant speed.

A

False

( I guess zero is a constant speed, but it is not really moving, is it. It just stays at a position of 8 meters from the reference point)

125
Q

30 meters is a distance, so its a scalar quantity.

If you add a direction so it reads

30 meters north, then it becomes

_______________ which is a ______________

A

If you add a direction so it reads

30 meters north, then it becomes

displacement which is a vector.

126
Q

Time

Vector Quantity or not?

A

Not

3 seconds does not have a direction.

No direction, not a vector.

127
Q

Distance

Vector Quantity or not?

A

Not

25 meters does not have a direction.

No direction, not a vector.

128
Q

Temperature

Vector Quantity or not?

A

Not

37 degrees does not have a direction.

No direction, not a vector.

129
Q

Speed

Vector Quantity or not?

A

Not

50 mph does not have a direction.

No direction, not a vector.

130
Q

Velocity

Vector Quantity or not?

A

Vector Quantity

50 mph - North has both magnitude (50) and direction (North).

So, its a vector or vector quantity.

131
Q

Force

Vector Quantity or not?

A

Vector

50 newtons downward has both magnitude (50) and direction (downward).

So, its a vector or vector quantity.

132
Q

Acceleration

Vector Quantity or not?

A

Vector

- 5 m/s2 has both magnitude (5) and direction (negative).

So, its a vector or vector quantity.

133
Q

The definition of “Displacement” is “how far you are from the reference point and in what direction.”

Displacement can also often be thought of as:

A

How far you are from where you started. (and in what direction)

134
Q

“Uniform Linear Motion”

is just a physicsy way of saying….

A

“Moving in a straight line at a steady speed.”

135
Q

What is the picture we use to remember the formula triangle shown?

A

This is Newton’s Second Law ( Fnet = ma )

136
Q

What is the picture we use to remember the formula triangle shown?

A
137
Q

What is the picture we use to remember the formula triangle shown?

A
138
Q

What is the picture we use to remember the formula triangle shown?

A
139
Q

Object “A” has a velocity of -5m/s.

Object “B” has a velocity of -3m/s.

Object “C” has a velocity of 0 m/s.

Which object is moving the fastest?

A

Object A is moving the fastest.

(Both objects are moving in the negative direction. Object “A” is moving at 5m/s, object “B” is only moving at 3m/s. Object “C” isn’t even moving, so it is pretty much going the slowest.)

140
Q

Which of the following velocities represents the object travelling most slowly.

Car 1 is traveling at -40 mph

Car 2 is traveling at 0 mph

Car 3 is traveling at +20 mph.

A

Car 2 is traveling most slowly. (It is not even moving)

(Car “1” is traveling the fastest, even if it is moving in the negative direction)

141
Q

True or False

“An object in equilibrium must be moving.”

A

FALSE

(An object in equilibrium could be either stopped or moving with a constant velocity)

142
Q

True or False

“An object in equilibrium cannot be moving.”

A

FALSE

(An object in equilibrium could be either stopped or moving with a constant velocity)

143
Q
A