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z Old - R Phys Sci 2013-2014 > Forces and Interactions Vocabulary > Flashcards

Forces and Interactions Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

______________ is a science word. It is used to sort of describe how much of an impact an object might make in a collision.

A

Momentum.

Momentum = Mass x Velocity

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2
Q

Definition of Mass

A

The amount of matter in an object.

(Each time you add an atom to an object, you add mass)

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3
Q

Definition of Weight

A

The force of gravity upon an object.

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4
Q

Mass and Weight mean ____________ things.

A

Different

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5
Q

Formula for finding Weight

Weight = ___________ x ____________

A

Weight = mass x gravity

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6
Q

What is this thing?

(scroll down and look at entire picture)

A

Your secret weapon to get 4 questions right on the upcoming test.

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7
Q

What can this tell you about mass and weight?

A

The Earth’s gravity applies a force of

9.8-Newtons to a 1-kg mass

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8
Q

If you took this thingy to the moon and looked at it, the mass would _______________?

A

Stay the same.

The 1-kg label on th object will still say 1-kg, and it will still be correct.

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9
Q

If you took this thingy to the moon and looked at it, the weight would _______________?

A

Go down.

The moon has less gravity, so the red needle would only point to about 2.

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10
Q

What can this thingy tell you about weight?

A

Weight is a force.

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11
Q

The force of gravity upon an object

A

weight

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12
Q

Two definitions of acceleration

A

Change in speed or direction

or

Change in Velociy

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13
Q

Formula for acceleration

Accleration =

A

Acceleration = change in velocity/change in time

can also be written as:

a = Δv / Δt

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14
Q

Mass means pretty much the same thing as ________

A

Inertia

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15
Q

If there is no air friction, which would experience a greater acceleration when dropped off a cliff, a large rock or a small rock?

A

Neither, both would accelerate at the same rate, and both would reach the ground at the same time.

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16
Q

Gravitational Field Strength near the Earth’s surface

A

9.8 newtons/kilogram

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17
Q

The word “static” means….

A

at rest

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18
Q

Static Friction means

A

The force of friction preventing a motionless object from moving.

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19
Q

Sliding Fricition means…

A

The force of friction impeding the motion of an object sliding across a surface.

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20
Q

Air Friction

A

The force of friction impeding the motion of an object fighting its way through the air.

(It has to bump the air molecules out of the way)

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21
Q

You can reduce the friction between two sliding surfaces by coating the surfaces with a ______________.

A

Lubricant

(oil, grease. etc)

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22
Q

What are these things?

A

Ball Bearings

(You have these on your bicycle, on your skateboard, inline skates, cars, etc.)

(These are what allow wheels to roll with very little friction.)

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23
Q

What would happen to your mass if you left Earth and went to Jupiter?

A

Nothing.

Mass is a measure of how much “stuff” or matter there is in an object.

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24
Q

What would happen to your weight if you left Earth and went to Jupiter?

A

Your weight would go up.

Jupiter has a much stronger gravitational field than the Earth. Weight is the pull of gravity upon an object.

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25
Q

Interaction

A

When two objects have an effect upon each other.

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26
Q

Three most common types of interaction

A

Touch

Gravity

Friction

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27
Q

What does this stand for?

ΣF

A

Sum of Forces

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28
Q

Sum of Forces, or ΣF, means the same thing as:

A

Net Force

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29
Q

Friction

A

The force impeding the motion of an object scraping across a surface or plowing through the air.

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30
Q

Kinetic Friction

A

The force impeding the motion of a moving object.

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31
Q

Net Force

A

The overall force that remains after all “cancelling” of forces has been taken into account.

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32
Q

Unbalanced Force means that the Net force is ___________.

A

Non-Zero

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33
Q

Normal Force

A

A force at right angles to a surface

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34
Q

A force that is perpendicular to a surface

A

Normal Force

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35
Q

Equilibrium

A

When all forces upon an object cancel out.

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36
Q

If an object has a constant velocity, what other things do you know?

A

Net Force = Zero

Acceleration = Zero

Sum of Forces = Zero

Its in Mechanical Equilibrium

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37
Q

If an object has a Net Force = Zero, what other things do you know?

A

It has a constant velocity

Acceleration = Zero

Sum of Forces = Zero

Its in Mechanical Equilibrium

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38
Q

If an object has an acceleration of zero what other things do you know?

A

It has a constant velocity

Net Force = Zero

Sum of Forces = Zero

Its in Mechanical Equilibrium

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39
Q

If the Sum of Forces upon an object is zero, what other things do you know?

A

It has a constant velocity

Net Force = Zero

Acceleration = Zero

Its in Mechanical Equilibrium

40
Q

If an object is in equilibrium, what other things do you know?

A

It has a constant velocity

Net Force = Zero

Acceleration = Zero

Sum of Forces = Zero

41
Q

Uniform Acceleration

A

A constant, steady acceleration caused by a constant, steady net force.

(Hint, in high school science, all accelerations studied will be uniform.

42
Q

An object is in free fall when….

A

the only force acting upon it is gravity.

(The object could be going up, sideways, or down)

43
Q

An object has been thrown upward. The only force acting upon the object is gravity. We would say that this object is…

A

in free fall.

44
Q

An object has been thrown sideways off of a cliff. The only force acting upon the object is gravity. We would say that this object is…

A

in free fall.

45
Q

An object that is “falling freely” is

A

in free fall.

(Has only one force acting upon it…gravity)

46
Q

Resistance

A

The act of opposing something.

46
Q

Air resistance

A

The force, caused by the air, opposing the motion of an object.

47
Q

Gravity

A

A force that exists between ANY two objects that have mass.

48
Q

Earth’s Gravitational Field

A

The area around the Earth that is influenced by the Earth’s gravity.

(Put an object in Earth’s gravitational field and it will tend to “fall” toward the Earth)

49
Q

Moon’s Gravitational Field

A

The area around the Moon that is influenced by the Moon’s gravity.

(Put an object in the Moon’s gravitational field and it will tend to “fall” toward the Moon)

50
Q

Jupiters’s Gravitational Field

A

The area around Jupiter that is influenced by Jupiter’s gravity.

(Put an object in Jupiter’s gravitational field and it will tend to “fall” toward Jupiter)

51
Q

What is the strength of Earth’s gravitational Field

A

9.8 N/kg

This means that the Earth will apply a gravitational force of 9.8 newtons for every 1 kilogram of mass.

52
Q

Inclined Plane

A

A hill.

(A plane is a flat surface. If it is inclined, you have a hill)

The purple part below.

53
Q

Inclined Ramp

A

An angled surface you might push or pull an object up.

In the picture below, the box is being pulled up the green “Inclined Ramp.”

54
Q

Both of these cars were going 35-mph before the collision, why did the Smart Car lose?

A

Momentum = Mass x Velocity

The smart car has less mass, so it has less momentum.

55
Q

What are these?

A

These are the SI fundamental units.

56
Q

What are the fundamental units of speed?

A

meters / second

57
Q

What are the fundamental units of force?

A

kg • m/s2

(Kilograms times meters per second squared)

(notice that this is a combination of the fundamental units in the table below)

58
Q

What are the fundamental units of time?

A

s

(seconds)

59
Q

What are the fundamental units of acceleration?

A

m/s2

(meters per second squared)

(notice that this is made up of “fundamental units” from the table below)

60
Q

Reaction Time

A

The interval between a stimulus and your response.

Example:

The time between when you see a mouse and when you scream.

61
Q

What are the fundamental units of mass?

A

kg

(kilograms)

62
Q

“At Rest”

A

Not moving

63
Q

“follows a straight-line-path”

A

moves in a straight line

64
Q

Inertia

A

An object’s resistance to a change in velocity.

(Means almost the same thing as mass)

65
Q

Density

A

mass/volume

(So, in order to calculate the density of an object, you divide its mass by its volume)

66
Q

Order the following items from least dense to most dense.

Rock

Styrofoam

Lead

Water

A

Styrofoam

Water

Rock

Lead

67
Q

Volume

A

How much space an object takes up.

68
Q

What is the “water displacement method” for determining the volume of an object?

A

Put water in a container. Submerge the object in the water. See how much the water rises.

69
Q

“Weigh an Object”

A

Using a scale to find out how much gravity is pulling down upon an object.

(Note: the reading on the scale would change if you went to the moon.)

70
Q

“Mass an Object”

A

Using a balance to determine the mass of an object.

(Note: if you took this to the moon, the balance would still read the same amount. Why?)

71
Q

Constant Speed

A

**Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!Ding! **

Net Force = 0
Sum of Forces = 0
Its in Equilibrium
Newton’s First Law
Acceleration = 0

72
Q

Blah blah blah blah blah bladdady blah constant speed blah blah blah blah blah blah yada blah.

A

Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!

Net Force = 0
Sum of Forces = 0
Its in Equilibrium
Newton’s First Law
Acceleration = 0

73
Q

Yadda blah, yackity yack blahdidy blah, at a constant velocity blah yaddidy blah yabba dabba do diddtily bloogalsnort.

A

Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding! Ding!

Net Force = 0

Sum of Forces = 0

Its in Equilibrium

Newton’s First Law

Acceleration = 0

74
Q

Satellite

A

Any object that orbits the Earth

(Spaceships, the moon, asteroids, etc)

75
Q

Non-Zero

A

Not equal to zero

76
Q

“Applied”

A

Put upon.

“A 13-N force was applied to a rock,” means that you pushed or pulled on the rock with a force of 13-N.

77
Q

Frictionless

A

No friction AT ALL.

Even more slippery than the slipperiest ice!

78
Q

“Releases”

A

Drops

This would mean that you didn’t “throw” the object down, so it starts with an intitial velocity of zero.

79
Q

“Released”

A

Dropped

(Again, initial velocity is zero)

80
Q

“Drops”

A

Not thrown up or down.

(If a boy “drops” a rock off a cliff, the initial velocity would be zero)

81
Q

“Throws”

A

Gives an initial velocity to.

(Can be up, down, or any other direction)

82
Q

Suspended

A

Hanging From

83
Q

“Acted Upon”

A

“To exert or have an effect upon.”

A force of 20 Newtons “acted upon” the the block to the right.

84
Q

Variable

A

Changing

A “variable” horizontal force acted upon the object.

85
Q

What does the word, “experience” mean in the following context?

The object “experienced” a lot of friction.

A

It means “encountered” or “was subjected to.”

The object “encountered” a lot of friction

The object “was subjected to” a lot of friction.

86
Q

Towed

A

Pulled

87
Q

What does “neglecting” mean in the following sentence?

“Neglecting” air friction, the Earth’s gravitational field causes object to accelerate at 9.8 m/s2.

A

It means “Ignoring”

“neglecting air friction,” means the same thing as “ignoring air friction.”

88
Q

What is this?

A

Its a bottle rocket!

(Rockets like this are often used to illustrate Newton’s Third Law)

(Notice, the water shoots down, the rocket shoots up)

89
Q

What does the word “falls” mean in the following sentence?

A rock “falls” from the edge of a cliff.

A

V0 = 0 m/s

“Falls” means that the rock was not thrown down or up. Thus, it has an intial velocity of zero.

90
Q

What does the word “approximately” mean in the following sentence?

The weight is “approximately” 5-newtons

A

It means “close to” or “about.”

For example, if the weight is truly 4.9-newtons,

we could say it is “approximately” 5.0-newtons

or “about” 5.0-newtons.

92
Q

What SI measurment unit would you use to measure weight?

A

Newtons

Weight is a force.

93
Q

Defined as “the ability to cause a change.”

A

Energy

94
Q

Stored Energy is often called

A

Potential Energy

95
Q

In science, work is often defined as

A

The change in energy caused by a force.

Work = Force x Distance

96
Q

What are two things you could change about a car that would increase its ability to accelerate?

A

Make it lighter

Make the engine more powerful.

Less mass means more acceleration and more force means more acceleration.

97
Q

What is the ONLY reason some obects fall more quickly than others when released?

A

Air Friction!

If there were no air, ALL objects would fall at the same rate.

z Old - R Phys Sci 2013-2014 (9 decks)

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