KINE 2P09; LECTURE FOUR

Question 1

Synapse

Answer 1

Specialized junction between neurons where electrical activity in the presynaptic neuron influences the electrical activity of the postsynaptic neuron

Question 2

Excitatory synapse

Answer 2

Bring the membrane potential of postsynaptic neurons closer to the threshold

Question 3

Inhibitory synapse

Answer 3

Bring the membrane potential of postsynaptic neuronS further away from the threshold

Question 4

Convergence

Answer 4

many presynaptic neurons coming to one postsynaptic neuron; combining into one

Question 5

Divergence

Answer 5

One presynaptic neuron flows into many postsynaptic neurons

Question 6

The release of a ______ mediates communication between cells.

Answer 6

chemical messengers

Question 7

Ionotropic receptor

Answer 7

Receptor is an ion channel

Question 8

Metabotropic receptor

Answer 8

receptors that involve proteins and/or second messengers to eventually affect ion channel opening

Question 9

At an inhibitory synapse, neurotransmitter binds to receptors that elicit a graded hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic neuron called an __________

Answer 9

inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

Question 10

Temporal summation: 2+ input signals arrive from the __________in close succession to affect postsynaptic membrane potential

Answer 10

same neuron

Question 11

Spatial summation: 2+ input signals arrive from ______________at about the same time to affect membrane potential

Answer 11

differnet neurons

Question 12

____ is critical for affecting synaptic strength

Answer 12

Calcium

Question 13

Neurotransmitter release from a presynaptic neuron can be altered by:

Answer 13

1. Lack of calcium being pumped out of a neuron
2. Lack of temporary calcium storage in intracellular organelles during high-frequency stimulation

Question 14

Axo-axonic synapses:

Answer 14

axon terminal of one neuron synapses with axon terminal of another neuron to influence calcium concentration and neurotransmitter release

Question 15

Presynaptic inhibition:

Answer 15

decreases calcium concentration to decrease neurotransmitter release

Question 16

Presynaptic facilitation:

Answer 16

increase calcium concentration to increase neurotransmitter release

Question 17

______ located on the presynaptic axon terminal provides feedback to regulate neurotransmitter release

Answer 17

Autoreceptors

Question 18

Neurotransmitters

Answer 18

Acetylcholine
Biogenic amines (a. Catecholamines, 1. Dopamine (DA), 2. Norepinephrine (NE) 3. Epinephrine (Epi) B. serotonin C. Histamine)
Amino acids
Neuropeptides
Gasses
Purines
Lipids

the 7 wonders lol

Question 19

Structure of the nervous system…

Answer 19

Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Afferent
(Somatic sensory (muscle stretch and position)
Visceral sensory (lung/bladder distension)
Special sensory (vision, hearing, etc. )
Efferent
(Somatic Nervous System (control of skeletal muscle)
Autonomic Nervous System (control of heart and vasculature)
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems

Question 20

Preganglionic neuron

Answer 20

Cell body resides in the CNS and projects to autonomic ganglion

Question 21

Postganglionic neuron

Answer 21

Cell body resides in autonomic ganglion and projects to tissue

Question 22

Autonomic ganglion

Answer 22

Cell cluster outside CNS where pre- and post-ganglionic neurons synapse

Question 23

Sympathetic

Answer 23

thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

fight or flight response

Question 24

Parasympathetic

Answer 24

brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord

est and digest