KIN2 Theory review Flashcards
(133 cards)
What happens to the O&I during stretching
O&I are pulled apart
what happens to the O&I during strengthening
O&I are approximated, the insertion goes towards the origin
large sesamoid bone in quadriceps tendon
patella
what way does the patella slide with knee extension
patella slides superiorly
what way does the patella slide with knee flexion
patella slides inferiorly
articulations of the patella
Two condyles of distal femur
Two tibial plateaus on proximal tibia
at what degree of of flexion does the inferior patella begins to articulate with femur
5 degrees of flexion
at what degree does the patella inferior to patellar groove, quadriceps tendon is in contact.
90 degrees
What are some conditions/circumstances where muscle setting is appropriate or indicated?
Fractures: When a client can’t move a joint. (A cast)
During the protection phase
5 periods of stance phase
1) Initial contact (heel strike)
2) Load response (weight accepted or flat foot)
3) Midstance (Single-leg support)
4) Terminal stance (Heel off)
5) Pre swing (Toe off)
3 periods of swing phase
1) Initial swing
2) Mid swing
3) Terminal swing (Deceleration)
Pain in initial contact phase of gait:
heel spur bone bruise heel fat pad bruise Bursitis pain could cause an increase in flexion of the knee with early plantar flexion to relieve the pressure or pain weak knee client extends the knee
Pain in midstance phase of gait:
Greatest force is on the hip in this phase
Experiencing pain- phase shortened as the client hurries through the phase to decrease pain
Weak gluteus medius- positive trendelenburg’s sign
Knee flexes, ankle is locked at 5-8 degrees of dorsiflexion rolling forward on the forefoot. Foot is in contact with the floor, forefoot is pronated, hindfoot is inverted
Pain caused by- arthritis, rigid pes planus, fallen metatarsal (loss of arch), plantar fasciitis, morton’s metatarsalgia.
Pain in toe off stage of gait:
Hallux rigidus
Turf toe
Any pathology involving the great toe
TMJ (joint description)
Synovial condylar, modified ovoid and hinge joint
· Fibrocartilaginous surfaces
· Disc completely divides each joint into two cavities, provides congruent contours and lubrication for the joint, disc is a biconcave articular disc
· Capsule is loose and thin
· Temporal bone (superior), Allows for gliding motion
Movement of TMJ
Gliding, translation or sliding movement occurs in the upper cavity of the TMJ,
· Rotation and hinge movement occurs in the lower cavity
· Rotation – occurs from the beginning to the midrange of movement, It occurs through the two condylar heads, condyle and the articular discs
· Both gliding and rotation is needed for full opening and closing of the mouth
· The TMJ actively displaces only anterior and slightly lateral
· When the mouth is open the condyles of the joint rest on the disc in the articular eminences and any sudden movement (yawn) will displace one or both condyles forward
· The mandible moves forward on opening the disc moves medially and posteriorly until the collateral ligament and later pterygoid stop its movement the disc is then seated on the head of the mandible and both mandible and disc move forward to full opening, if seating does not occur then limited ROM will occur
· The mandible and the disc move together mainly translation occurs in the superior joint space
Muscle of TMJ
The upper lateral pterygoids draw the disc or meniscus anteriorly and prepares for condylar rotation
· medial and lateral pterygoids, temporalis, masseter, supra- and infra- hyoids
ligaments of TMJ
Lateral collateral and capsular ligaments coordinate movement between the disc and condyle
A self-protective and a result of injury to the pelvis, hip, knee, ankle and foot. The stance phase on the affective leg is shorter than that on the non-affected leg, because the client tries to remove weight of the affective side as quickly as possible. The swing phase of the uninvolved leg is decreased. There is a shorter step length on the uninvolved side, decreased walking velocity and decreased cadence.
Antalgic (painful) gait
A gait pattern characterized by staggering and unsteadiness. Lack of coordination and tendency of poor balance. There is usually a wide base of support and movements are exaggerated.
Ataxic gait
A gait pattern in which the feet and toes are lifted through hip and knee flexion to excessive heights; usually secondary to dorsiflexion weakness. The foot will slap at initial contact with the ground secondary to decreased control.
Steppage (drop foot) gait
a staggering gait pattern seen in cerebellar disease
cerebellar gait
.
a gait pattern in which alternate steps of a different length or at a different rate
Double step gait
a gait pattern characterized by high steps, usually involves excessive activity of the gastrocnemius.
Equine gait
