kin test 3 Flashcards
physiology
what are the main functions of the cardiovascular system
- delivery of oxygen, fuel, and other dissolved substancs to the tissues of the body
- the removal of CO2 and othewr waste products from the tissues
- thermoregulation
- prevention of infections
whats the right side of the circulatory system job
deals with deoxygenated blood
whats the left side of the circulatory system job
deals with oxygenated blood
whats the lub heart sound?
closing of the A-V valves
whats the dub heart sound?
closing of the semilunar valves
artery?
- carries blood AWAY from the heart
- has thick muscles and elasticx fibres that contract to push blood along
vein?
- carry blood TOWARDS the heart
- have thin muscles and elastic fibers
- have valves which acft to stop blood fro going in the wrong direction
capillary?
- link artieries with veins
- one cell wall thick
- a collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed
red blood cells
- without a nucleus
- ## contain hemoglobins a moleculoe specifcally designed to hold 02 and carry it to cells that need it
White blood cells
- contain a nuclues and 2 main types
- lymphocytes and macrophages
platelets
- bits of cells broken off larger cells
- produce tiny fibrinogen fibres to form a net , this net trraps other blood cells to form a BLOOD CLOT
plasma
- a strasw colouyred liquid that carries the cells and the platelets
blood pressure(BP)
a measurment of the force of blood outward on the artery wall(mmHg)
heart rate(HR)
the number of times the heart beats in one minute(b/min)
stroke volume(SV)
the amount of blood pumped out by the ventricles per heart beat(L/beat)
cardiac output(Q)
The amount of blood pumped out by the heart in one minute(HRxSV)
list the short term effects that effect HR and BP
- activity level
- emotions
- water/food intake
- other chemicals
list the long term effects on HR and BP
- lower resting HR
- increase in size amd number of capillaries
- increase in size and elasticity of artieres
- increase hemoglobins in RBDC’S
- increase colaterall circulation
hypertension
high blood pressure, wjhen your blood pressure in your blood vessels is too high
atherosclerosis
thickening/hardening of arteries which are caused by a buildup of plaque in the inner lining of the artery
arteriosclerosis
when the arteries get thick and hard, making it harder for blood flow to flow through them
coronary heart disease
a coindition where the blood vessels supplying the heart with oxygen and nutrients become narrow/blocked,often due to the buildness of plaque.
stroke
occurs when soimething bklocks thge blood supply to a part of the brain,or.. when a bloods vessel in the brain bursts
heart murmur
a whooshing or swishing sound heard during as heartbeat ofte caused by turbuence blood flow in the heart or blood vessles
varicose veins
swollen, twisted veins that lie just under the skin, caused by weakened oir damaged vein walls and faulty valves
altitude training
enhances endurance and increases EPO production
caffeine
as stimlant which increases alertness
alcohol
impairs motor coordination
cannabis
erffects vary on the indiviudal
impairs concentration
carbo loading
increases muscvle mass but leads to diarhhea
blood doping
increasesw RBC mass and enhyances aerobic capacity
trtaining masks
mimicks higth altiutiude training
external respiration
the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli in the lungs and the blood
internal respiration
the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood and the body cellas
tidal volume
the amount of air inhaled or exhal;ed in one breath
vital capacity
themax amount of air that can be exhaled after a max inhalation
minute ventilation
the amount of airt inhaled or exhaled in one minute
factors effecting resting respiratory efficiency
- exercise
- smoking
- respiratory disease
- temperature
- atmosphoric pressure
- genetics
VO2 max
the greatest rate at which oxygen can be consumed during exercise
limiting factors of vo2 max
- external respiration
- gas transport
- internal respiration
cp system
alactic system
creastine phosphate is the fuel source
lactic system
anaerobic glycolysis system
glucose is usually the fuel souce
aerobic system
aerobic glyocolysis system
glucose, fats and prtein as fuel source
lactate threshold
the exercise intensity at which lactic acid bulds up in the blood